营养膳食联合抗阻锻炼干预对妊娠糖尿病患者妊娠结局及产后糖代谢的影响

Effects of nutritional diet combined with resistance exercise intervention on pregnancy outcomes and postpartum glucose metabolism abnormalities in gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探究营养膳食联合抗阻锻炼干预对妊娠糖尿病(GDM)孕妇妊娠结局及产后糖代谢异常的影响。方法选择2020年4月至2022年3月在安徽省黄山市人民医院产科建档且规律产检的GDM孕妇120例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予精准营养膳食联合抗阻锻炼干预。两组均干预至出院。比较两组干预前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平;比较两组不良妊娠结局及剖宫产发生率;比较两组糖代谢异常发生率。结果干预后,观察组FPG、2hPG、HbA1c水平低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组早产儿、巨大儿、子痫前期发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组产后感染发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组剖宫产率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产后糖代谢异常发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对GDM患者实施营养膳食联合抗阻锻炼干预,能够调节患者血糖指标,降低不良妊娠结局和产后糖代谢异常的发生。

Objective To explore the effects of nutritional diet combined with resistance exercise intervention on pregnancy outcomes and postpartum glucose metabolism abnormalities in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total of 120 pregnant women with GDM who were registered in Department of Obstetrics,Huangshan City People’s Hospital,Anhui Province from April 2020 to March 2022 were selected as study objects,and they were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method,with 60 cases in each group.The control group was given routine nursing,and observation group was given nutritional diet combined with resistance exercise intervention.Both groups were treated until discharge.The level of fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)were compared between two groups before and after intervention;the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome and cesarean section were compared between two groups;and the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was compared between two groups.Results After intervention,the levels of FPG,2hPG,and HbA1c in observation group were lower than before intervention,and those in observation group were lower than those in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of preterm infants,macrosomia,and preeclampsia in observation group was lower than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the incidence of postpartum infection between two groups(P>0.05).The cesarean section rate in observation group was lower than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of postpartum glucose metabolism abnormalities in observation group was lower than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The nutritional diet combined with resistance exercise intervention in GDM patients can regulate the blood glucose index,reduce the adverse pregnancy outcome,and the occurrence of postpartum glucose metabolism abnormalities.