中国土遗址保护研究进展与趋势——基于文献的图谱量化分析

Research progress and trends in the conservation of earthen sites in China:quantitative analysis based on literature

土遗址作为我国文化遗产的重要组成,其保护受到了越来越多学者的关注和参与,为了厘清近30年我国土遗址保护工作的研究进展以及预测未来的研究趋势,采用文献计量学方法结合VOSviewer和CiteSpace两款文献可视化分析软件,对1990—2021年CNKI的331篇文献进行分析,讨论其研究进展与研究趋势。结果表明:近30年土遗址保护研究发文量整体呈现不断上升的趋势;目前已经形成了小集中大分散的学术团队;已经形成了较为完整的研究网络,研究主题涵盖了病害研究、加固材料研究、锚固技术研究、稳定性研究及保护理念研究等;近30年的土遗址保护研究可划分为土遗址保护概念探索和理论框架构建、土遗址保护材料和技术研究、土遗址病害机理研究三个阶段;完善土遗址病害的分类及定量化分级,构建土遗址保护材料及技术的系统性评价体系,开展多场耦合下土遗址病害机理研究,定量土遗址病害物理及数学模型,结合多学科开展病害发育预测预报模型将成为三大研究主题的主要研究趋势。

Earthen sites are an important part of cultural heritage in China,and more and more scholars have focused on and participated in their conservation.In order to clarify the research progress of the conservation work for earthen sites in China in the past 30 years and to predict the future research trends,the method of bibliometrics combined with two types of literature visualization analysis software—VOSviewer and CiteSpace—were used to analyze 331 papers of CNKI from 1990 to 2021.The results show that the number of published papers on the conservation of earthen sites presents a rising trend in recent 30 years.Currently,academic teams with the characteristic of“small concentration and large dispersion”have been formed.There has developed a relatively complete research network,the topics of which include deterioration,reinforcement materials,anchorage technology,stability,conservation conception,etc.The research on the conservation of earthen sites in the past 30 years can be divided into three stages:1)exploration of the concept of earthen site conservation and construction of theoretical frameworks;2)research on the conservation materials and technologies for earthen sites;3)research on the deterioration mechanism of earthen sites.The main research trends corresponding to the three major research topics are as follows:1)improving the deterioration classification and quantitative grading of earthen sites;2)building systemic evaluation of the conservation materials and technologies for earthen sites;3)conducting research on mechanisms of deterioration under multi-field coupling,as well as quantifying physical and mathematical models of deterioration and developing forecasting models with multidisciplinary references.