刑民交叉执行关系的处理规则与法理

Rules and Legal Principles for Handling Mixed Relations Involving Criminal and Civil Enforcement

刑民交叉执行关系的实践处理,缺乏明确的基本原则与具体的操作规则。以刑民交叉诉讼关系的原则作为处理前提,既存在程序上的不适应性,也无法合理保障当事人权益的实现。诉讼程序与执行程序存在本质上的不同,“重刑轻民”的理念难以为刑事执行优先提供有力的法理基础。刑民交叉执行关系的处理原则,应坚持以权利为基础,明确权益保护上的优先性,以此作为选择执行依据与决定执行顺位的根据。在权益保护上,需要对善意取得制度作出扩大解释,不仅适用于标的物所有权的取得,也包括其他物权的取得。刑民交叉执行关系分为两种基本类型:一是被执行主体竞合的交叉执行,二是执行标的物竞合的交叉执行。基于不同的交叉类型,需要在基本事实与法律关系上,以当事人权利作为判断标准,一方面维护社会市场交易的稳定性,另一方面实现对犯罪人的刑事制裁,保障执行程序的公正与效率。

The practical handling of relations involving both criminal and civil enforcement lacks clear principles and specific rules.Using prosecutorial principles for mixed criminal and civil relations results in procedural incompatibilities and fails to reasonably protect the rights of the parties involved.Because of the distinction between litigation procedures and enforcement procedures,the emphasis on criminal liabilities fails to provide a strong legal basis for prioritizing criminal enforcement.Principles for handling relations involving both criminal and civil enforcement should be rights-based,clearly prioritizing the protection of rights,and using this as the basis for choosing enforcement grounds and determining the sequence of enforcement.In terms of rights protection,the doctrine of bona fide acquisition should be broadly interpreted to include not only the acquisition of ownership of the subject matter but also the acquisition of other property rights.The mixed relations involving both criminal and civil enforcement can be categorized into two basic types:the overlap of subjects to be enforced and the overlap of the subject matter to be enforced.Based on different types of enforcement relations,the rights of the parties should be used as a standard for judgment,maintaining the stability of social market transactions on one hand,while achieving criminal punishment of offenders on the other,thereby ensuring the fairness and efficiency of enforcement procedures.