广东省2020年部分放射工作人员职业健康状况分析

Analysis on occupational health status among radiation workers in Guangdong Province in 2020

目的分析广东省部分放射工作人员的职业健康状况。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择2020年在广东省职业病防治院进行放射工作人员职业健康检查(OME)的8913名放射工作人员作为接触组,另选择无从事放射工作的2024名同期在该医院进行健康检查的人员作为对照组。分析2组人群甲状腺、眼晶状体、血压、血常规和微核的异常检出情况。结果接触组放射工作人员眼晶状体、血压和血常规的异常率分别高于对照组(23.3%vs 8.0%,18.6%vs 9.0%,18.1%vs 8.5%,P值均<0.01);但2组人群甲状腺和微核异常率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(12.8%vs 11.5%,0.1%vs0.0%,P值均>0.05)。随着放射作业工龄的增加,放射工作人员甲状腺、眼晶状体和血压的异常率均增加(P值均<0.05)。结论长期接触低剂量电离辐射可能对放射工作人员的甲状腺、眼晶状体和血压有一定的影响,且与放射作业工龄存在一定的时间-效应关系。

Objective To analyze the occupational health status of radiation workers in Guangdong Province.Methods A total of 8913 radiation workers who underwent occupational medical examination(OME)in Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment in 2020 were selected as the exposure group,and 2024 non-radiological workers who underwent health examination in the same hospital in the same period of time were selected as the control group using convenient sampling method.The study analyzed the prevalence of abnormalities in thyroid,eye lens,blood pressure,complete blood count and micronucleus in individuals of the two groups.Results The abnormal rates of eye lens,blood pressure and complete blood count in the radiation workers in the exposure group were higher than those in the control group(23.3%vs 8.0%,18.6%vs 9.0%,18.1%vs 8.5%,all P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference in the abnormal rates of thyroid and micronucleus in workers between these two groups(12.8%vs 11.5%,0.1%vs 0.0%,all P>0.05).The abnormal rates of thyroid,eye lens and blood pressure in radiation workers increased with the exposure period of radiation(all P<0.05).Conclusion Long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation have certain effects on the thyroid,eye lens,and blood pressure of radiation workers,with a time-effect relationship of years of radiation work.