长期潜水对机体健康的慢性影响

Chronic effects of long-term diving on human health

随着潜水技术的广泛应用,其安全性也愈发受到重视。长期潜水对潜水员的慢性健康影响研究主要集中于呼吸系统、循环系统、神经系统、骨骼系统、泌尿系统和心理健康、睡眠等方面。长期潜水可导致潜水员肺活量增大、鼻黏膜增厚、心肌肥厚、心律改变和听力减退等。长期潜水对机体健康的影响受到潜水方式、最大潜水深度、水下停留时间、潜水频率和潜水次数等潜水暴露指数,以及潜水员从事潜水的年限、年龄和疾病史等个体因素影响。有关潜水对机体健康的影响的研究结论尚不一致,其潜在的损伤机制亦不明确。未来需在严格实验条件和受试对象纳入标准的前提下,扩大研究,建立科学、系统的减压性气泡评估方法,以应用于潜水员的慢性健康影响研究,并加强相关机制的研究,以促进潜水行业和潜水运动更好地发展。

With the widespread application of diving technology, the safety of long-term diving has become a research focus.Research on the chronic health effects of long-term diving on divers mainly focuses on the respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous system, skeletal system, urinary system, as well as psychological health and sleep. Long-term diving can lead to increased lung capacity, thickening of nasal mucosa, myocardial hypertrophy, changes in heart rhythm, and hearing loss in divers. The impact of long-term diving on health is influenced by diving exposure index such as diving mode, maximum diving depth, underwater stay time, diving frequency, and number of dives, as well as individual factors such as years of diving experience, age, and medical history of divers. However, research on the effects of diving on health are inconsistent, and the potential mechanisms of health damage are unclear. Future large-scale research should be conducted under strict experimental conditions and with standardized inclusion criteria for subjects. Establishing a scientific and systematic assessment method for decompression is crucial for studying the chronic health effects of divers and enhancing understanding of relevant mechanisms to promote the development of diving industry and sport.