北京市初中一年级学生超重、肥胖现状及其关联因素分析

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among first-year junior high school students in Beijing

目的分析北京市初中一年级学生超重/肥胖的现状及其关联因素。方法去该研究为横断面调查。采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,于2017年9月至2018年12月对北京市6个区9所学校的初中一年级学生进行问卷调查和体格检查,问卷内容包括调查对象的人口学和家庭情况,学生母亲的孕产情况、饮食行为习惯和身体活动等信息。学生身高和体重测量由经过培训的调查员进行。参照《中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准(WGOC标准)》判断学生超重和肥胖情况。了解学生的超重/肥胖的现状,并采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析关联因素。结果共有1467名学生填写问卷,其中有效问卷1411份,有效率为96.2%。在1411名调查对象中,男生784人(55.6%),女生627人(44.4%),年龄(12.36±0.52)岁,男、女生超重率分别为23.6%(185/784)、13.7%(86/627),肥胖率分别为24.0%(188/784)、14.4%(90/627)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性、年龄13岁和早产与超重/肥胖呈负相关关联(0R=0.428、0.722、0.531,P<0.05),母亲患妊娠期高血压、每天食用鸡蛋1个、每天食用鸡蛋2个及以上和每周视屏时间≥7h与超重/肥胖呈正相关关联(0R=1.879、1.574、2.088、1.251,P<0.05)。结论北京市初中一年级学生超重/肥胖检出率相对较高,性别、年龄、妊娠高血压、早产、鸡蛋摄人、视屏时间是学生超重/肥胖的关联因素。

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among first-year junior high school students in Beijing and to analyze their influencing factors.Methods:A questionnaire survey and physical examinations were conducted among first-year junior high school students from 9 schools across 6 districts in Beijing selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling method from September 2017 to December 2018.The questionnaire included demographic and family information,maternal pregnancy and childbirth conditions,dietary behavior,and physical activity.Height and weight were measured by trained investigators.The overweight and obesity were classified according to the Chinese School-age Children and Adolescents Overweight and Obesity Screening BMI Classification Standards(WGOC standards).The influencing factors were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.Results:A total of 1467 questionnaires were returned and 1411 were valid with an effective rate of 96.2%.Among the 1411 respondents,there were 784 boys(55.6%)and 627 girls(44.4%),with an average age of(12.36±0.52)years.The overweight rates for boys and girls were 23.6%(185/784)and 13.7%(86/627),respectively,while the obesity rates were 24.0%(188/784)and 14.4%(90/627),respectively.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression revealed that female gender,13-year-old age group,and preterm birth were negatively correlated with overweight and obesity(OR=0.428,0.722,0.531;P<0.05).Maternal gestational hypertension,daily egg consumption,and weekly screen time≥7 hours were positively correlated with overweight and obesity(OR=1.879,1.574 and 2.088,1.251;P<0.05).Conclusions:The prevalence of overweight and obesity among first-year junior high school students in Beijing is relatively high,which are positively or negatively associated with gender,age,preterm birth,maternal gestational hypertension,daily egg consumption and weekly screen time.