儿童软糖中合成着色剂的含量测定及健康风险评估

Determination and health risk assessment of synthetic colorants in children's gummies

目的 检测市售8种儿童软糖中所添加的5种合成着色剂(柠檬黄、日落黄、诱惑红、胭脂红、亮蓝)的含量,并对其进行健康风险评估。方法 采用GB 5009.35—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中合成着色剂的测定》中的高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)进行检测,样品采用水浴温热溶解、聚酰胺吸附提取、HPLC检测,以甲醇/乙酸铵为流动相,紫外检测波长为254 nm,根据保留时间定性,基于外标峰面积法定量。运用靶标危害系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)法对儿童软糖中所添加的合成着色剂进行健康风险评估。结果 5种合成着色剂的含量在0.384~7.875 mg/kg之间,标准曲线均具有较好的线性关系(r~2>0.99),各着色剂的检出限(limits of detection,LODs)为0.0203~0.1600 mg/kg,定量限(limits of quantification,LOQs)为0.0614~0.4836 mg/kg,加标回收率大于95%,5种合成着色剂的THQ及总THQ值(total target hazard quotient,TTHQ)均小于1,对儿童健康无明显风险。结论 通过儿童软糖摄取的合成着色剂的健康风险很小,与儿童软糖的小包装、食用量少有关,还需要配合家长对儿童糖果摄入的合理管理。本研究为儿童软糖的购买和食用提供了科学建议。

Objective To detect the content of 5 kinds of synthetic colorants(lemon yellow,sunset yellow,allure red,carmine,bright blue)added in 8 kinds of children's gummies available in the market,and conduct a health risk assessment.Methods The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method described in GB 5009.35-2016 National food safety standard-Determination of synthetic coloring agents in food was used for detection.The samples were dissolved using a water bath heating method,extracted using polyamide adsorption and detected by HPLC using methanol/ammonium acetate as the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm for ultraviolet detection.Qualitative analysis was based on retention time,while quantitative analysis was performed using the external standard peak area method.The target hazard quotient(THQ)method was applied for health risk assessment of synthetic colorants added in children's gummies.Results The content of 5 kinds of synthetic colorants ranged from 0.384 to 7.875 mg/kg,and the standard curves had good linear relationships(r2>0.99).The limits of detection(LODs)of each colorant were 0.0203 to 0.1600 mg/kg,and the limits of quantification(LOQs)were 0.0614 to 0.4836 mg/kg.The spiked recovery rates were greater than 95%.The THQ and total target hazard quotient(TTHQ)values of 5 kinds of synthetic colorants were all less than 1,indicating no significant risk to children's health.Conclusion The health risk of synthetic colorants consumed through children's gummies is minimal,which is attributed to the small packaging and low consumption of children's gummies.However,it is still necessary to complement parents in the rational management of children's candy intake.This study provides scientific recommendations for the purchase and consumption of children's gummies.