现知最早血症专著《血症全集》探析

Xuezheng Quanji,the earliest monograph on blood disorder

《血症全集》由明代医家孙光裕所著,是中国现知第一部血症专书。从书中内容看,其专论出血症。全书先收集《内经》及先贤论说,重心在于系统归纳历代治疗出血症的理论与经验,其间穿插孙氏本人见解。主体部分主要论述4种出血症,总结了孙氏本人临床实践中的深刻体会,多有个人创见。在病因方面,孙氏主张"血分三因"而多因火热,在治疗方面反对滥用苦寒而重视滋阴壮水,提出了逐瘀散滞、滋阴抑阳、理气导血、调中补虚4个治疗大法,主张出血不求速治,强调根据出血何处、出血色质,判断脏腑经络所病,灵活用药,并且重视病时及病后的生活起居调养。

Xuezheng Quanji(«血症全集»)written by Sun Guangyu,a doctor in the Ming Dynasty,is the first known book on blood disorders in China.The book mainly deals with bleeding.The book begins with a collection of the Neijing and the treatises of the sages,focusing on systematically summarizing the theories and experiences of the past dynasties in the treatment of bleeding,interspersed with Sun's own opinions.The main part discusses four types of bleeding,summarizing Sun's profound experience in clinical practice,and many of his personal creative opinions.In terms of causes,Sun believed that there are three causes of bleeding and more due to heat.In terms of treatment,he opposed the abuse of bitter cold and attached great importance to nourishing yin and strengthening kidney and proposed four treatment methods of dispelling stasis,nourishing Yin and suppressing Yang,regulating Qi and blood,and tonifying deficiency.He advocated that bleeding should not be treated quickly,and emphasized that the disease should be judged according to the bleeding location and bleeding color to use herbs flexibly.Special attention should be paid to daily life care during and after illness as well.