清朝安置土尔扈特蒙古及渥巴锡部游牧地的迁移

The Qing Resettlement of Torghut Mongols and Final Allocation of Pasture Lands for Obashi's People

乾隆三十六年(1771年),曾游牧于伏尔加河下游的土尔扈特蒙古在其首领渥巴锡的带领下,冲破俄罗斯帝国卡伦防线,历经千辛万苦,到达伊犁河流域的边界地方。旋即在乾隆帝的允准下,顺利归附清朝。接着乾隆帝令土尔扈特蒙古主要领主前往承德避暑山庄觐见,同时派遣大臣对下层属民迅速进行了分隔安置。其中,渥巴锡部的游牧地最初被安置在斋尔一带,然因此处接近边境,屡屡发生逃人事件,且又出现各种自然灾害和传染病。为此清朝政府结合渥巴锡的请求,给予各方援助,最终将该部迁移至珠勒都斯、喀喇沙尔一带居住。

In the 36th year of the Qianlong reign(1771),the Torghut Mongols,who had once lived the lowerreaches of the Volga River,under the leadership of Obashi,broke through the defense line of the RussianEmpire and went through countless hardships to reach the border of the Ili River basin.Immediately,withthe permission of Emperor Qianlong,they smoothly attached himself to the Qing Dynasty.Then EmperorQianlong ordered the main lords of Torghut Mongols to Chengde Mountain Resort for an audience,and sentministers to quickly separate and resettle the common people.Among them,the nomadic land of the Obashi'speople was initially designated in Jayir region,but that place was close to the border and there were frequentincidents of fleeing people,as well as various natural disasters and infectious diseases.So the Qing Govern-ment,in conjunction with the request of Obashi,provided assistance in various aspects and ultimately relocat-ed them to the Juldus and Kharashar grasslands.