农村互助养老服务质量的实证考察与评价——以长沙市、湘潭市和常德市为样本

The Empirical Study and Evaluation of the Quality of Rural Mutual-aid Elderly Care:Taking Changsha City,Xiangtan City,and Changde City as Samples

农村互助养老作为一种新型社会参与式养老模式,其服务质量与农村地区老年人的福利水平和生活质量密切相关。基于“结构—过程—结果”逻辑,从政策保障、机构环境、基础设施、人力资源等14个方面构建农村互助养老服务质量评价指标体系,运用层次分析法、熵值法和综合评价指数,对农村地区互助点的互助养老服务质量进行实证考察与评价。结果显示:目前结构性资源的投入与配置成为农村互助养老服务质量的主导因素,人力资源、服务可及性、服务匹配度、制度保障是推动农村互助养老服务质量提升的重要抓手;互助点运营效率以及互助场所环境对服务质量的贡献能力较弱;整体上,农村互助养老服务质量不高,各互助点的服务质量在不同维度上有较为明显的差异。保障资源投入以提升基本服务质量,以需求为导向强化服务供求有效对接,兼顾社会与经济效应,是促进农村互助养老服务高质量发展的可行路径。

As a new type of social participatory pension model,the quality of rural mutual-aid elderly care is closely related to the welfare level and quality of life of the elderly in rural areas.Based on the structure-process-outcome logic,this study constructs an evaluation index system for the quality of rural mutual-aid elderly care from fourteen aspects,including policy guarantee,institutional environment,infrastructure,and human resources.Analytic hierarchy process,entropy value method and comprehensive evaluation index are employed to give an empirical investigation and evaluation on the quality of rural mutual-aid elderly care.The results show that the input and allocation of structural resources is the dominant factor for the quality of rural mutual-aid elderly care at present.Human resources,service accessibility,service matching,and institutional guarantee are important levers to promote the quality of rural mutual-aid elderly care.The operational efficiency and environment of mutual-aid points contribute weakly to service quality.The overall quality of rural mutual-aid elderly care is not high and the service quality of mutual-aid points varies more obviously along different dimensions.The feasible paths to promote the high-quality development of rural mutual-aid elderly care include guaranteeing the investment of resources to improve the quality of basic services,enhancing the effective matching of service supply and demand in a demand-oriented manner,and taking into account the social and economic effects.