冲击与回应:数字经济时代城乡居民养老保险的适应性改革

Impact and Response:A Study on the Adaptive Reform of Pension Insurance for Urban and Rural Residents in the Digital Economy Era

数字经济带来就业方式的变革与新就业形态的出现。这一变革促使就业便利的同时,也对社会养老保险的参保造成严重冲击:一是劳动的非标准化带来参保障碍,二是就业不稳定带来收入的波动从而降低了参保缴费能力,多数新业态从业人员不得不选择在原籍参加城乡居民养老保险。城乡居民养老保险自身也存在基础养老金待遇标准偏低和个人账户养老金缴费激励不足等问题。制度自身的“内忧”与新业态冲击的“外患”,使得城乡居民养老保险制度亟需进行适应性改革———在分离基础养老金和个人账户养老金的基础上,将基础养老金升级为普惠性非缴费型养老金,对个人账户养老金的缴费激励进行优化,确保制度能够实现政策目标,进而推动我国多层次、多支柱养老保障体系的建设。

The digital economy has brought about changes in employment way and the emergence of new employment forms.While this change facilitates employment,it also has a serious impact on social pension insurance participation:first,the non-standardization of labor brings obstacles to insurance participation;second,the unstable employment brings fluctuations in income,which reduces the ability to participate in insurance and payment.Most employees in new business formats have to choose to participate in pension insurance for urban and rural residents in their places of origin.At the same time,urban and rural residents'pension insurance also has its own problems,such as low basic pension treatment standards and insufficient incentives for pension payment in personal accounts.The"internal worries"of the system and the"external troubles"caused by the impact of new business formats calls for an urgent need of adaptive reform.That is,on the basis of separating basic pensions and personal account pensions,it is recommended to upgrade the basic pension to the inclusive non-contributory pension,optimize the contribution incentive of the personal account pension,ensure that the system can achieve the policy objectives,and then promote the construction of China's multi-level and multi-pillar pension security system.