并非“扩音器”——重评钱玄同在五四新文化运动中的作用

Not a“Loudspeaker”:Reevaluating Qian Xuantong's Role in the May Fourth New Culture Movement

钱玄同在新文化运动中借用与转化中国传统的经学与小学资源,将中国传统学问融入五四思想革命、文学革命、汉字革命之中。首先,钱玄同转化章太炎与康有为的经学资源,将“经”贬黜为毫无价值的“史料”,颠覆所有经书,从传统经学内部获得反叛传统的可能性,使五四思想革命具有“飓风”般的爆发力;其次,钱玄同作为小学大家,在进行文学革命时,用文字学、音韵学、训诂学的学理来证明五四白话文理念有其建立的可行性;再次,他在推行五四汉字革命时,仍以传统小学资源来论证“改用拼音”的学理性与时代必然性,用极端的方式推动了中国汉字的现代变革。钱玄同从中国自身的学术主体内部促进新文化运动的发展,让五四获得了一种新的方法论,这使他有自己独立、独特的“声音”。

Qian Xuantong borrowed and transformed the Confucian classics and philology during the New Culture Movement to integrate Chinese traditional knowledge into the May Fourth ideological revolution,literary revolution,and Chinese written character revolution.Firstly,Qian Xuantong transformed the resources of Confucian classics from figures like Zhang Taiyan and Kang Youwei,reducing them to mere historical materials and denying the value of all Confucian classics.Such an approach enabled the rejection of Chinese traditional culture from within the Confucian classics,significantly strengthening the May Fourth ideology.Secondly,as a philologist,Qian Xuantong employed the principles of philology,phonetics,and exegesis to validate the rationality of the May Fourth vernacular writing concept during the literary revolution.Thirdly,in promoting the May Fourth Chinese written character revolution,he utilized Chinese philological resources to demonstrate the academic rationality and historical inevitability of“switching to alphabetic writing,”thus achieving a radical modern transformation of Chinese written characters.Qian Xuantong leveraged Chinese academic resources to propel the development of the New Culture Movement,offering a novel methodology for the May Fourth Movement and establishing an independent and unique“voice.”