基于风云气象和高分静止卫星数据的四川省凉山地区森林火灾遥感监测研究

Study on remote sensing monitoring of forest fires in Liangshan region of Sichuan Province based on FY-4A and GF-4

森林火灾不仅会对区域生态环境造成严重破坏,还可能导致人类生命财产遭受巨大损失,因此研究有效的火灾监测算法至关重要。在此背景下,利用我国风云四号卫星数据开展研究,通过对比确定了适用于凉山地区的森林火灾监测算法。采用高分四号卫星中波红外扫描仪数据,成功确定了火点的大小和位置,并提取了火烧迹地面积,优选了最适宜于凉山地区的方法。研究结果表明,上下文算法在凉山地区的森林火灾监测中效果最佳,漏判率最低,可准确检测到小火点的位置,算法的综合指标达到了0.7以上,为凉山地区的森林火灾扑救工作提供了科学参考。通过将高分四号卫星红外扫描仪数据的阈值设置为330 K,进一步确定火点的大小和位置,弥补了风云四号卫星空间分辨率的不足,为森林火灾监测提供更好的技术支持。基于高分四号卫星数据对比不同方法的灰度衰减图时,红外波段的衰减变化最为明显,其次为全球环境监测植被指数和归一化植被指数,过火区识别指数的衰减变化不明显,根据红外波段的灰度衰减图可准确提取出火烧迹地面积范围。

Forest fires not only cause serious damage to the regional ecological environment,but also lead to huge losses of human life and property,so it is very important to study effective fire monitoring algorithms.In this context,the research was carried out by using the data of FY-4 satellite in China,and the forest fire monitoring algorithm suitable for Liangshan region was determined by comparison.Based on the data of the microwave infrared scanner of Gaofen-4 satellite,the size and location of the fire spot were successfully determined,and the burned areas were extracted,and the most suitable method for Liangshan area was optimized.The research results showed that contextual algorithms had the best performance in forest fire monitoring in the Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture,with the lowest missed detection rate and the ability to accurately detect the location of small fire points.The comprehensive index of the algorithm reached 0.7 or above,providing a scientific reference for forest fire suppression serve in the Liangshan area.By setting the threshold value of infrared scanner data of Gaofen-4 satellite to 330 K,the size and location of fire spots were further determined,which made up for the lack of spatial resolution of FY-4 satellite and provided better technical support for forest fire monitoring.Compared with the gray attenuation maps of different methods based on the data of Gaofen-4 satellite,the attenuation change of infrared band was the most obvious,followed by the global environmental monitoring vegetation index and normalized vegetation index,and the attenuation change of fire zone identification index was not obvious.According to the gray attenuation map in infrared band,the area range of the burned area could be accurately extracted.