互动仪式链视角下博士生与导师的互动类型及其转化

The Types and Transformation of Interaction Between Doctoral Students and Supervisors from the Perspective of Interactive Ritual Chain Theory

博士生与导师的互动关系是影响博士生成长的关键要素。要实现博士生培养的目标,博士生与导师之间需要建立稳定、健康、双向的互动关系。主体在场、共同焦点、情感共享、空间界限是互动仪式链建立的基本条件,其中共同关注和情感能量是互动仪式链建立的核心要素。基于对16名博士生访谈资料的编码发现,互动内容和互动情感对导生互动状态具有显著影响。拟合互动仪式链建构的核心要素发现,博士生与导师的互动类型有“高关注—强情感”的双边对话型、“低关注—强情感”的相顾无言型、“低关注—弱情感”的互不干涉型、“高关注—弱情感”的雇佣从属型4种。除双边对话型外,其他3种互动类型容易对博士生与导师的关系产生负面影响。互动仪式链理论视角下消极的导生互动类型的形成主要缘于博士生与导师的主体身心退场,瓦解了主体际遇情境;共同目标缺失,主体互动内容出现分歧;导生回应反馈不足,导致情感共享失衡;导生互动时空缺失,对外界限模糊。转化消极导生互动类型的举措包括:创新多元互动方式,促进导生身心回归;促进主体对话交融,激发导生情感能量;达成共享目标愿景,实现导生互动双赢;共建良性师门文化,打造群体记忆符号。

The interaction between doctoral students and their supervisors is a key element of doctoral development.To achieve the goal of doctoral training,it is necessary to establish a stable,healthy,and two-way interactive relationship between doctoral students and supervisors.Subject presence,common focus,emotion sharing and space boundary are the basic conditions for the establishment of interactive ritual chain,among which“common concern”and“emotional energy”are the core elements of the establishment.Based on the coded interview data of 16 doctoral students,it is found that interactive content and emotion have a significant impact on the interaction state of supervisors.By fitting the key elements of interactive ritual chain construction,it is found that there are four interaction types of doctoral students and supervisors:bilateral conversation type with“high attention-strong emotion”,mutual wordless type with“low attention-strong emotion”,non-interference type with“low attention-weak emotion”,and employment dependency type with“high attention-weak emotion”.In addition to the bilateral dialogue interaction type,the other three types of interaction tend to have a negative impact on the development of doctoral students and supervisors.From the theory of interactive ritual chain,the formation of the negative interaction type is mainly caused by the withdrawal of the subject body and mind of the doctoral student and the supervisor,which disintegrates the subject’s encounter situation,the lack of common goal leading to the disagreement of main body interaction content,the weak feedback of mentees leading to the imbalance of emotion sharing,and the lack of time and space and the blurring of external boundaries of the guide interaction.The effective measures to transform negative types of interaction include:innovating diverse ways of interaction to promote the physical and mental return of students,promoting the integration of subject dialogue and stimulating the generation of emotional energy,achieving shared goals and vision to achieve a win-win interaction between supervisors and students and jointly building a positive school culture and creating group memory symbols.