基于全生命周期理论的半钢子午线轮胎环境影响

Environmental impact of semi-steel radial tires based on life cycle assessment theory

轮胎产业作为传统制造行业,在创造巨大经济效益的同时,也带来了巨大的环境问题。为了分析轮胎产业的潜在环境影响,寻找轮胎的减排减能潜力,基于全生命周期理论,以半钢子午线轮胎为研究对象,考虑轮胎生产、运输、使用直至废轮胎利用的生命周期闭环全过程,建立碳排放模型和能量消耗模型,并构建回收利用阶段的碳减排—削减清单和能量排放—削减清单,对比分析废轮胎连续低温热解、间歇低温热解和催化裂解的碳减排量、碳减排率、净碳盈余指标和能量削减量、能量削减率、净能量盈余指标。结果表明:1 t轮胎在整个生命周期中,共计消耗了3.52×10^(5) MJ一次能源,排放了1.01×10^(4) kg二氧化碳;在轮胎整个生命周期中,运输和使用阶段的碳排放量以及能量消耗最大。针对轮胎各阶段环境影响分析,可知轮胎生产阶段关键碳排放元素包括炭黑、电、合成橡胶以及钢丝帘线等;关键能源消耗元素包括合成橡胶、炭黑以及蒸汽等;3种资源利用方式中连续低温热解的碳回收效果最好,催化裂解的能量回收效果最好;再生回收物是废轮胎碳削减和能量削减的最主要的贡献来源。

The tire industry,a cornerstone of traditional manufacturing,has reaped substantial economic benefits.However,it has simultaneously posed significant environmental challenges.This study sought to scrutinize the potential environmental factors within the tire industry,with a focus on identifying opportunities for energy reduction and tire waste mitigation.Employing the holistic life cycle theory,the research centered on semi-steel radial tires,encompassing the entire life cycle encompassing production,transportation,usage,and waste tire disposal.In this context,the study established comprehensive models for carbon emissions and energy consumption.The paper constructed carbon emission reduction lists and energy emission reduction lists specifically targeting the recycling stage.A comparative analysis was conducted on the carbon emission reduction,carbon emission reduction rates,net carbon surplus indices,energy reduction amounts,energy reduction rates,and net energy surplus indices for continuous low-temperature pyrolysis,intermittent lowtemperature pyrolysis,and catalytic cracking of waste tires.The findings revealed that,over the entire life cycle,a ton of tire consumed 3.52×10^(5) MJ of primary energy and emitted 1.01×10^(4) kg of carbon dioxide.Transportation and usage stages emerged as the most substantial contributors to carbon emission and energy consumption during the tire life cycle.Environmental impact analyzed at each stage highlight carbon black,electricity,synthetic rubber,and steel cord as key carbon emission elements during tire production,while synthetic rubber,carbon black,and steam represent the primary energy consumption elements.Among the three methods of resource utilization considered,continuous low-temperature pyrolysis exhibits the most effective carbon recovery,while catalytic pyrolysis demonstrates superior energy recovery capabilities.Importantly,recycling emerges as the pivotal driver for carbon and energy reduction in the context of waste tire management.