氮钙互作对花生氮素利用及钙素积累的影响

Interactive effect of N and Ca on the nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity,nitrogen utilization and calcium accumulation of peanut

为探讨氮钙配施对花生氮素利用及钙素积累的影响,本研究以花育25号为试验材料,在济阳和饮马泉试验基地进行试验,分别设置0和600 kg·hm^(-2)(Ca0、Ca600)2个钙肥水平,以及0、75、150、225、300 kg·hm^(-2)(N0、N75、N150、N225、N300)5个氮肥水平,研究氮钙互作对花生氮代谢酶和氮素利用及钙素积累的影响。结果表明,氮钙互作显著提高花生生育前期叶绿素含量,饱果期Ca0条件下施氮花生SPAD值比不施氮提高3.8%~14.8%,Ca600条件下提高3.9%~15.2%;氮肥可提高花生氮代谢酶活性,成熟期Ca0处理在N300条件下谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性较N0条件提高了57.8%,Ca600处理提高了87.3%;随着施氮量的增加氮素利用效率逐渐降低,而施用钙肥可提高花生氮素利用效率,在相同施氮条件下,Ca600较Ca0的氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率和氮素利用效率分别增加10.1%~24.6%、7.1%~48.7%和2.1%~16.6%;氮钙互作提高了成熟期荚果中的钙素分配率,相同施氮条件下,Ca600处理较Ca0处理荚果中钙素分配率增加2.5~15.0个百分点,且在N225处理荚果中钙素分配率最大。综上,氮钙互作有利于提高花生生育前期叶绿素含量,增加氮代谢酶活性,提高氮素利用效率,促进钙素向荚果的分配,且Ca600N150和Ca600N225处理的综合表现最优。

In order to explore the effect of combined application of nitrogen and calcium on nitrogen utilization and calcium accumulation of peanut,a field experiment was conducted using Huayu 25 with two calcium(Ca)rates(0 and 600 kg·hm^(-2)),and five nitrogen(N)rates(0,75,150,225,and 300 kg·hm^(-2))were set up in Jiyang and Yinmaquan experimental bases,respectively,to study the effects of nitrogen and calcium interaction on nitrogen metabolism enzyme,nitrogen utilization and calcium accumulation of peanut in different plots.The results showed that the interaction of nitrogen and calcium significantly increased the chlorophyll content of peanut in the early growth stage,at full fruit stage,under the condition of Ca0,the SPAD value of peanut with nitrogen application was 3.8%-14.8%higher than that without nitrogen application,while higher 3.9%-15.2%under the condition of Ca600.Nitrogen fertilizer could increase the activity of nitrogen metabolizing enzyme in peanut.In the mature stage,the glutamine synthetase(GS)activity of Ca0 treatment under N300 condition was 57.8%higher than that of N0 condition,while that of Ca600 treatment was 87.3%higher.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,nitrogen use efficiency decreased gradually,while calcium fertilizer could improve peanut nitrogen use efficiency.Under the same nitrogen application conditions,nitrogen agronomic use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of Ca600 increased by 10.1%-24.6%、7.1%-48.7%and 2.1%-16.6%,respectively,compared with Ca0.The interaction of nitrogen and calcium increased the calcitonin distribution rate in mature pods.Under the same nitrogen application,the calcitonin distribution rate in Ca600 treatment increased by 2.5-15.0 percentage points compared with Ca0 treatment,and the calcitonin distribution rate of N225 treatment was the highest.In summary,The interaction between nitrogen and calcium is beneficial to increase the content of chlorophyll in the early growth stage of peanut,increase the activity of nitrogen metabolic enzymes,improve nitrogen use efficiency and promote the distribution of calcitonin to pods,and the comprehensive performance of Ca600 and N225 treatments was the best.