古籍“牌记”的概念区分与起源探析

Definition and Origin of“Paiji”in Ancient Books

“牌记”是版本学中的一个重要概念,但其概念及起源缺乏统一而精确的定义,导致多种题记被混称为“牌记”。文章回溯了“牌记”在版本学中的使用情况,分析了叶德辉等前辈学者对“牌记”概念的界定及其混用现象。根据“牌记”必须有墨围、提供刊刻信息、具有独立起源诱因的三条原则,可以对“牌记”进行精准限定,将其与功德记、木记、墨图记、署名记、咨文记等概念区分开来。文章进一步探讨了“牌记”的起源,提出其与镜铭存在高度相关性,主张镜铭对“牌记”的定型产生了重要影响。对比不同类型题记的源头、特点和例证,可以为版本学的基础术语提供更清晰的界定,有助于推动版本学体系的完善和发展。

“Paiji”(牌记,literally“plaque records”)is an important concept in bibliographic studies,yet there is not a unified and precise definition for it and no clear account of how it came into being in the first place.As a result,many other parts in ancient Chinese books have been mistakenly referred to as“paiji”.This paper traces how the word“paiji”has been used in bibliographic studies and clarifies its definition based on analysis of existing literature by Ye Dehui and other scholars and examination of some cases of misconception.Based on the three principles that“paiji”must have an inked periphery,provide the publishing information,and have a clear reason for its existence,this paper gives a clear definition of paiji'and distinguishes it from other similar concepts such as“gongdeji”(literally“merit records”),“muji”(literally“wood records”),“motuji”(literally“ink image records”),“shumingji”(literally“signature records”),and“ziwenji”(literally“advisory records”).Furthermore,exploring the origin of“paiji”,the paper proposes that“paiji”has close ties with“jingming”(literally“mirror inscription”)which had a significant influence on the format of“paiji”By comparing different types of inscriptions in terms of their origins,characteristics,and examples,this paper provides a clear definition for fundamental terms in bibliographic studies,thereby contributing to the development of the discipline。