地方视觉档案的生成与流变——以明清金陵胜景图与方志图像为例

The Generation and Evolution of Local Visual Archives:A Case Study of Landscape Paintings and Gazeteer Images of Jinling in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

本文以“地方视觉档案”为核心,考察了明清金陵胜景图的发展历程及其与方志图像的关系。金陵胜景图作为基于地方知识创作的图像,一方面依赖文学传统与地方知识系统所规定的地方文化认知和观看方式,这尤其体现在以朱之蕃为代表的晚明文人主导创作的金陵胜景图中对方志知识的自觉借用;另一方面,金陵胜景图在明清鼎革之后被收录进官修方志中,与方志中的舆图一起构成了南京的“地方视觉档案”。这些图像不仅呈现了创作者及其同时期人群对“金陵”的文化认知,而且呈现出文本制度与地方知识对地方图像创作的影响:前两者不仅影响了图像对景观的呈现方式,更以制度性的手段将图像收编到地方知识系统中。

Focusing on the topic of local visual archives,this paper examines the development of landscape paintings of Jinling(today's Nanjing)of the Ming and Qing dynasties and compares them with local maps.Created based on local knowledge,the landscape paintings of Jinling rely heavily on traditional literature and the local cultural identity,which defined how people view the local landscape.After Zhu Zhifan and others clearly established the connections between imagery and local knowledge,landscape paintings were included in local gazetteers of Jinling and formed the local visual archives of the city together with local maps.These images reveal how the painters and their contemporaries viewed Jinling and how literary works,which involve both the writers and the readers,connect with local knowledge and influence the creation of images and the local cultural identity.The landscape paintings and the gazetteer images of of Jinling in the Ming and Qing dynasties jointly constitute the visual expression of Nanjing's local knowledge system.