数据跨境流通的三重安全挑战及其法律规制——基于数据流通理论的分析

Triple Security Challenges and Legal Regulations of Cross-Border Data Circulation in China——Based on the Analysis of Data Circulation Theory

在数据流通理论中,数据流通是推动数据价值实现的前提。从当前的数据跨境流通现状来看,在事实层面上,全球范围内的数据跨境使用需求不断增长,相应的数据跨境流通交易规模也在不断扩张;在规范层面上,数据跨境流通国际治理规则的话语权博弈明显,各国或主权地区都极力主导数据跨境流通的国际规则制定。中国数据跨境流通法律规制应注重三个方面的安全挑战,即流通前环节的数据评估隐私安全、流通中环节的数据主权安全、流通后环节的数据存储安全。为了破解数据跨境流通带来的三重安全挑战,在流通前环节应围绕数据用益权体系明确数据权属;在流通中环节应完善国内数据跨境法律体系,突破国际规则“长臂管辖”;在流通后环节应构建全场景数据安全保护措施,防止数据泄露。

In data circulation theory,data circulation is the prerequisite for driving the realization of data value,from the current situation of data cross-border circulation.In fact,the demand of the cross-border use of data globally is increasing constantly,and the corresponding scale of cross-border data circulation transactions is also expanding constantly.In the normalization level,the discourse power game of the international governance regulation of cross-border data circulation is obvious,countries or sovereign regions are trying to dominate the international rules making of cross-border data circulation.China s cross-border data circulation legal rules making must emphasize on security challenges in three aspects.Firstly,it is the privacy and security of data evaluation in the pre circulation link.Secondly,it is the security of data sovereignty during the circulation link.Thirdly,it is the security of data storage in the post circulation link.In order to solve triple security challenges caused by the cross-border data circulation in China,in the pre circulation link,it should clarify the data ownership around the data usufruct system.In circulation link,it should improve the cross-border legal system of domestic data and break through the“long arm jurisdiction”of international rules.In post circulation link,it should construct the all scene data security protection measure to prevent from data leakage.