英国科技伦理监管体系研究与启示

Research on UK Governance System of Science andTechnology Ethics and Implication

英国是科技创新强国,向来重视科技伦理的合理有效监管,已建立涉及多个领域的科技伦理监管体系。通过研究英国科技伦理监管法规政策制度和实验动物、卫生健康、转基因与生态环境、数据、人工智能以及财政资助计划项目等领域的伦理监管体制机制,分析总结英国科技伦理监管体系的经验及特点,本文认为英国内政部负责的实验动物管理体制、独特的卫生健康伦理监管系统、重视财政资助计划项目伦理监管以及有效的信息化平台支撑是英国科技伦理监管体系的特色,对中国加强科技伦理治理具有一定借鉴意义。就此提出加强科技伦理治理的相关启示及建议,为构建适合中国特色的科技伦理治理体系提供借鉴。

The UK is a strong country in research and technological innovation.It has always attached great importance to the reasonable and effective regulation of science and technology ethics.A science-technology ethic regulatory system involving multiple fields has been established in the UK.This article reviews the laws,regulations and policies for governance of the science and technology ethics,investigates ethics governance mechanisms in the fields of experimental animals,health,genetically modified organisms and the ecological environment,data,artificial intelligence,and financial support projects in the UK.The experience and characteristics of the UK s ethics governance system were analyzed and summarized.The results indicate that the characteristics of ethics governance system in the UK,such as governance system for experimental animal established by Home Office,supervision system of unique bioethics,strict ethics supervision mechanism for financial support program,and effective support from information platform,should be referenced to improve governance of science-technology ethics in China.Meanwhile,implications and suggestions for strengthening governance of science and technology ethics are proposed.This paper provides some references for formulation of a governance system of science-technology ethics which is suitable for Chinese characteristics.