国际城市住房系统减碳经验及其中国镜鉴

Global Strategies for Reducing Carbon Emissions in Urban Housing:Lessons for China

住房系统与气候变化密切相关。住房政策通常关注住房社会目标的实现,忽略了住房系统所带来的环境影响。以国际视角为基础,本文对住房与碳排放之间的关系进行了研究,构建了二者之间的理论框架,阐述了住房对碳排放的影响及其机理,同时说明了碳排放引起的气候变化对住房系统的影响。本文认为,在建设、维护、改善和使用住房资本时所涉及的活动和属性对碳排放起着主要推动作用,气候变化对住房系统特别是其质量、价格、运行成本及社会分层有重要影响。针对当前住房系统存在的问题,本文提出政策建议:住房、规划、交通和环境部门应加强协同,并在各级政府间和非政府间扩大合作;加强新建住宅技术创新,对存量住房进行节能改造,提升“住房服务”能源效率;注重社会公平和环境正义,确保住房系统分层过程不会导致新的不公平的地理格局产生。

Housing systems are closely linked to climate change,yet housing policies often prioritize social objectives without considering environmental impacts.This paper provides a thorough analysis of how housing affects carbon emissions and develops a theoretical framework to understand the interplay between housing and environmental factors.It examines both the direct impact of housing on carbon emissions and the reverse effects of climate change on housing systems.Greenhouse gases(GHGs)emitted through the construction,maintenance,and use of housing are significant contributors to climate change.Furthermore,climate change influenced by carbon emissions affects housing quality,pricing,operational costs,and social stratification.The paper proposes policy recommendations to address these issues,emphasizing the need for improved collaboration among housing,planning,and energy sectors.It calls for coordinated efforts from all levels of government and non-government organizations and highlights the importance of technological innovations in building low-carbon housing,retrofitting existing homes,and enhancing the energy efficiency of housing services.It advocates for the prioritization of social equity and environmental justice to mitigate the formation of inequitable geographic patterns stemming from housing stratification.