社会职能视角下美国国家历史公园的模式变迁

Study on the Paradigm Change of National Historical Parks in the United States Based on Social Functions

空美国国家历史公园作为历史类国家公园领域的先行者,已有近二百年历史,经验相对丰富、理论结构趋于完善。从社会职能视角,对美国国家历史公园的基本信息和模式变迁进行研究,将美国国家历史公园的发展脉络划分为初创期、探索期和深化期,依据各时期保护主体、保护目标、实施模式等基本演变特征,阐明从展陈历史到服务社会再到涵育民族未来的社会角色演进脉络,探讨美国国家历史公园社会职能演变的机制和内在动因,为我国系统、科学地建立国家文化公园提供理论借鉴和经验参考。

Boasting nearly 200 years of experience and a well-established theoretical structure,the US National Historical Park stands as a pioneer in the field of national historic parks.This paper explores the National Historical Parks of the United States from the perspective of social functions.It examines the fundamental information and model changes of the parks and divides their development into three periods:initial,exploration,and deepening.By examining the evolution of protection subjects,protection objectives,and implementation modes during each phase,the paper elucidates the progression of social roles,from the simple exhibition of history to serving society and nurturing the future of the nation.In addition,The article discusses the mechanism and internal motivation behind the evolution of the social function of the National Historical Park in the United States.This provides theoretical and empirical references for the systematic and scientific establishment of national cultural parks in China.