溶藻菌治理藻华的研究进展

Progress in algal bloom management by algal lytic bacteria

【背景】近年来,随着全球气候的变暖和水体富营养化的加剧,藻类大量繁殖,引发的藻华已经变成了一个全球性问题,其不仅对生态系统有严重影响,也会危害公共卫生安全。【进展】溶藻菌作为控制有害藻类的有效生物制剂,引起了学界的广泛关注,目前对其溶藻机理的研究及实践运用取得了丰硕的成果。本文主要概述了当前治理藻华的方法、溶藻菌种类及其产生的具有生物学活性的杀藻物质、溶藻机理以及溶藻菌的应用等研究现状,并对溶藻菌在分子层面的研究及溶藻物质的进一步分离研究方向和前景作了展望。【意义】为深化对溶藻菌作用机制的理解提供全面且前瞻性的视角,也为藻华治理和水体生态健康提供理论支持。

[Background]In recent years,the escalation of global warming and the exacerbation of eutrophication in aquatic environments have precipitated a widespread predicament:algal blooms instigated by the rampant proliferation of algae.This phenomenon transcends localities,evolving into a formidable global issue with profound ramifications for ecosystems and public welfare.[Progress]Algicidal bacteria,emerging as potent biological agents for mitigating detrimental algal overgrowth,have emerged as focal points within scholarly discourse.Notably,substantial strides have been made in unraveling the algicidal mechanisms,both in theoretical inquiry and practical implementation.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the contemporary advancements in algicidal bacteria research,encompassing the spectrum of strain diversity,algicidal mechanisms,activity characteristics,and the bioactive compounds they generate,alongside the deployment of algicidal bacterial agents.Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the tripartite algicidal modalities,including indirect,direct,and synergistic approaches,which adopted by these bacteria,and scrutinizing the varied impacts of algicidal substances on algal proliferation.Lastly,this paper delineates future research prospects,advocating for deeper exploration into the molecular underpinnings of algicidal bacteria and intensified studies on algicidal compounds’isolation.[Significance]By shedding light on prospective research trajectories,this endeavor aims to enrich our comprehension of algicidal mechanisms,furnishing a theoretical scaffold for algal bloom mitigation and the preservation of aquatic ecosystem vitality.