寻迹百年:德国木构的法治与自由

A Century in Retrospect:Legislation and Liberation of Timber Architecture in Germany

自1920年德国颁布首个木构建筑标准以来,已百年有余。在过去的一个世纪里,德国的木构建筑在逐渐建立的法律框架下不断发展壮大,并在建筑领域中扮演着越来越重要的角色。文章探讨制定材料分级和加工标准对木构设计的促进作用,反思在防火规范的限制和约束中木构设计的表达自由,并审视在历史木构更新实践中不完善的法律依据所造成的难题。一百年来,国家发展目标由战后快速重建向可持续发展转变,促使德国建筑法规更新进而推动现代木构进步。从法制的特殊历史视角解读德国木构的发展路径,既理性又独具新意。

Since the first timber architecture standard was issued in Germany in 1920,over a century has passed.Over the past century,Germany’s timber architecture industry has grown and flourished under the gradually established legal framework,playing an increasingly important role in the field of architecture.This article studies the role of material grading and processing standards in promoting timber architecture design,the expression of design freedom within the constraints of fire regulations,and the challenges caused by an incomplete legal basis in the practice of reusing historical timber structures.Over the past hundred years,Germany’s national development goals have shifted from rapid post-war reconstruction to sustainable development.This shift has driven the revision of German building regulations,thereby promoting the progress of modern wooden construction.Interpreting the development path of German timber architecture from the unique perspective of legislation history is both rational and innovative.