论半山、马厂文化的分期和年代

ON THE PERIODIZATION AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE BANSHAN AND MACHANG CULTURES

半山文化和马厂文化主要分布在甘青地区。1923-1924年,瑞典学者安特生(J.G.Andersson)在甘青地区进行考察,将宁定县(今广河县)发现的一批器表施黑红复彩、锯齿明显的彩陶归人“甘肃仰韶期”.

The Banshan and Machang cultures are pivotal archaeological cultures from the Longshan era in the Gansu-Qinghai region.Academics sharply disagree on whether the Yangshan cemetery in Minhe County,Qinghai Province should be attributed to the Banshan or Machang cultures.Initially,we establish a preliminary spatiotemporal framework by systematically sorting typical materials that exhibit simple and unique cultural traits,categorizing both cultures into three periods and four stages.Using this framework,we then analyze and compare seven types of more complex Banshan-Machang cultural remains.We have developed a detailed chronological framework and developmental trajectory for both cultures by integrating distinct coexistence and overlapping relationships.This framework provides the necessary context to accurately understand the"Yangshan Phenomenon"-the simultaneous occurrence of mid-period Banshan and early-period Machang cultures'painted pottery in the same tomb.The Banshan culture(2700-2300 BCE),featuring pottery vessels with black and red multicolored designs and sawtooth patterns,originated from the local Majiayao culture in Gansu-Qinghai.The"Yangshan Phenomenon"is noted for its unique characteristics and diverse origins,illustrating one of the specific manifestations of the complex evolution from the Banshan culture to the Machang culture(2400-2000 BCE).