不同产地加工方式对桔梗质量的影响

Influences of Different Processing Methods on the Quality of Platycodonis Radix

目的:研究不同产地加工方式对桔梗质量的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法建立带皮桔梗、去皮桔梗、带皮桔梗鲜切片、去皮桔梗鲜切片的指纹图谱,测定桔梗皂苷D含量;采用分光测色仪采集各样品粉末的色度值;以指纹图谱、桔梗皂苷D含量、色度值、总灰分及重金属含量为指标,采用单因素方差分析、聚类分析和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)比较带皮桔梗、去皮桔梗、带皮桔梗鲜切片、去皮桔梗鲜切片的质量差异;分析带皮桔梗和去皮桔梗干燥过程中水分和指纹图谱的变化规律。结果:单因素方差分析结果表明,带皮桔梗中桔梗皂苷D含量明显高于去皮桔梗、带皮桔梗鲜切片和去皮桔梗鲜切片(P<0.05);聚类分析结果显示,带皮桔梗明显区别于去皮桔梗、带皮桔梗鲜切片、去皮桔梗鲜切片;OPLS-DA结果显示,砷、汞、铅3种重金属的含量,峰5(桔梗皂苷D)~峰7的单位峰面积,总灰分是带皮桔梗、去皮桔梗、带皮桔梗鲜切片、去皮桔梗鲜切片的主要差异性指标(变量重要性投影值>1)。带皮桔梗与去皮桔梗干燥过程中,化学成分的变化规律存在差异,带皮桔梗的峰1~峰3的单位峰面积整体呈先降后升趋势;去皮桔梗的峰1、峰3单位峰面积整体呈先降再升再降趋势,峰2单位峰面积整体呈先升再降再升趋势;带皮桔梗与去皮桔梗峰4~峰7单位峰面积整体呈上升趋势。结论:不同产地加工方式桔梗质量存在明显差异。

Objective:To study the effects of different processing methods on the quality of Platycodonis Radix.Methods:The fingerprints of unpeeled and peeled dried samples and unpeeled and peeled fresh pieces of Platycodonis Radix were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography,and the content of platycodin D was determined.The chromatic value of each sample powder was measured by a spectrocolorimeter.With fingerprints,platycodin D content,chromatic value,total ash,and heavy metal content as indicators,the quality of different samples was compared by one-way analysis of variance,cluster analysis,and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).The changes of moisture and fingerprints of peeled and unpeeled Platycodonis Radix during the drying process were analyzed.Results:The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the content of platycodin D in unpeeled dried samples of Platycodonis Radix was higher than that in peeled dried samples,unpeeled fresh pieces,and peeled fresh pieces(P<0.05).The cluster analysis showed that unpeeled dried samples of Platycodonis Radix were obviously different from the other three kinds of samples.The results of OPLS-DA showed that the content of As,Hg,and Pb,the unit peak area of peaks 5(platycodin D)-7,and total ash were the main indicators distinguishing different kinds of samples,with the variable importance in projection>1.During the drying process,the changes in the chemical components were different between peeled and unpeeled Platycodonis Radix.Specifically,the unit peak area of peaks 1-3 of unpeeled Platycodonis Radix showed a trend of first falling and then rising.As for the peeled Platycodonis Radix,the unit peak area of peaks 1 and 3 of showed a trend of falling,rising,and falling,and that of peak 2 shows a trend of rising,falling,and rising.The unit peak area of peaks 4-7 of both unpeeled and peeled Platycodonis Radix presented an overall upward trend.Conclusion:There were obvious differences in the quality of Platycodonis Radix processed with different methods.