宋代茶酒叙事的诗话呈现与文化引领

The Presentation in Poetry Talks and Fashion Leading of Tea and Liquor Narrative in the Song Dynasty

在宋代文化话语中,茶酒是生活美学与技术美学的常见载体,具有塑造精英共同体及引领时代风尚的双重作用。宋代诗话茶酒叙事看似散乱无章,实则是这种主流观念的诗学再现,并汇集为技艺文化、雅道文化、理性文化3类主体话语,体现出宋人对科学精神、高雅品味、文明理念的执著追求。从技艺文化来说,宋酒虽小有革新,但力度不如宋茶;与唐人相异,宋人贵团轻散、尚白抑碧,以建茶取代紫笋茶为茶中极品,以点茶法取代煎茶法为化茶法门,处处涌动着文化创意。从雅道文化来说,宋人把茶酒审美奠基在自然法则而非神秘附会之上,追求酒品、酒界,意在祛除酒的负向功能,使人超越感官享受而导向精神旷达。从理性文化来说,茶酒为自由意志与理性精神的平衡提供了试验场所,故而宋人强调以茶作为交际媒介的适度性,以酒作为政治屏障的合理性。可以说,宋代诗话茶酒叙事推动日常生活精致化、技术路线审美化、社会规则文明化,不仅印证了诗话是按传播逻辑成篇的文体特性,而且有助于提升精英文化圈的智识水平,拓展受众的茶酒认知,并为文学叙事提供了典型样本及话语助力。

In the cultural discourse of the Song Dynasty,tea and wine are common carriers of life aesthetics and technological aesthetics,playing a dual role in shaping the elite community and leading the trend of the times.The narrative of tea and wine in Song Dynasty poetry may seem scattered and disorganized,but it is a poetic representation of this mainstream concept,which is collected into three main discourses:technical culture,refined culture,and rational culture,reflecting the Song people’s persistent pursuit of scientific spirit,refined taste,and civilized ideas.In terms of craftsmanship and culture,although the Song people innovated in winemaking,their innovation was not as strong as in tea making;Unlike the Tang Dynasty,the Song Dynasty advocated making tea in the shape of round cakes instead of loose tea,and the color of tea soup advocated white instead of emerald green.Fujian Jianou tea replaced Jiangsu purple bamboo shoot tea as the best tea,and the method of developing it into a paste instead of boiling it was used,which was full of cultural creativity.From the perspective of Ya Dao culture,the Song people based their aesthetic appreciation of tea and wine on natural laws rather than mysterious associations,pursuing the quality of wine and the realm of drinking,to eliminate the negative functions of wine and guide people beyond sensory enjoyment and towards spiritual enlightenment.From the perspective of rational culture,tea and alcohol provide a testing ground for the balance between free will and rational spirit.Therefore,the Song Dynasty emphasized the appropriateness of using tea as a medium of communication and the rationality of using alcohol as a political barrier.It can be said that the narrative of poetry and tea wine in the Song Dynasty promoted the refinement of daily life,the refinement of technical routes,and the civilization of social rules.This not only demonstrated the stylistic characteristics of poetry and tea wine being written according to communication logic,but also helped to enhance the intellectual level of elite cultural circles,expand the audience’s understanding of tea wine,and provide typical samples and discourse support for literary narrative.