下乡资本赋能中国农业经济高质量发展的机理与路径

The Mechanisms and Pathways of Rural Capital Empowering High-Quality Development of China’s Agricultural Economy

资本下乡和市场入村在促进城乡融合发展,构建以政府为主体、以乡村为主角、以企业和社会资本为动能的农村现代化新格局中发挥着重大撬动作用。资本下乡破解乡村基础设施建设资金短缺难题,激发“三农”生产要素的融合效应,激活农村市场和农民消费潜力,促进乡村治理秩序的现代转型,嵌入农村经济和生活秩序,形成基层党组织的行政权力、乡土资源与下乡资本企业的深度融合和利益共同体。同时,资本下乡存在资本动能偏离主体价值目标、土地撂荒、农民利益受损、资本“跑路”等问题。必须完善和规范下乡资本健康发展的体制机制和监管体系,强化下乡资本人格化主体的企业家精神,增强下乡资本及其人格化主体管控涉农企业抗风险和适应在地化人文环境的能力,为下乡资本健康发展创设有利的经营条件和在地化人文环境;必须充分利用农业新质生产力在农业经济高质量发展中的迭代效应,增强其发展的内生动力;必须顺应城镇化和逆城镇化“双向发展”趋势和城乡资源共享要求,有效推进农业农村现代化。

Capital infusion and market integration in rural areas play a pivotal role in promoting urban-rural integration and in constructing a new rural modernization pattern with the government as the main body,villages as the main characters,and enterprises and social capital as driving forces.The investment of capital in rural areas addresses the shortage of funds for rural infrastructure construction,stimulates the integration effect of“three rural”(agriculture,rural areas,and farmers)production factors,activates the rural market and the consumption potential of farmers,and promotes the modern transformation of rural governance order.This capital becomes embedded in the rural economic and social order,forming a deep integration and community of interests between the administrative power of grassroots party organizations,local resources,and rural capital enterprises.However,there are also issues such as deviation of capital momentum from core value goals,land abandonment,harm to farmers’interests,and capital“flight”.In this way,it is essential to improve and regulate the institutional mechanisms and regulatory systems for the healthy development of rural capital,enhance the entrepreneurial spirit of capital investors as personalized subjects,and strengthen their ability to manage agricultural enterprises’risk resistance and adaptability to the local human environment,to create favorable business conditions and localized cultural environments for the healthy development of rural capital.Furthermore,it is crucial to leverage the iterative effects of new quality productive forces in agriculture to drive high-quality development of the agricultural economy,enhance its endogenous motivation and effectively promote agricultural and rural modernization by the dual development trends of urbanization and reverse urbanization,and the requirements for sharing urban and rural resources.