香蕉种质资源花蕾表型多样性分析

Analysis of Inflorescence Phenotypic Diversity in Musa spp.Germplasm Collections

对香蕉种质资源花蕾表型性状进行多样性分析,为香蕉种质资源的研究和利用提供参考。以40份云南香蕉种质资源为试材,观测记录花蕾24个表型性状,并进行多样性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析。结果显示,24个花蕾表型性状的Shannon-Wiener指数变化范围为0.199~1.249,其中苞尖形状、柱头颜色、子房底色等表现出丰富的遗传多样性。主成分分析结果将24个表型性状简化为8个主成分,累计贡献率达77.68%,反映了香蕉种质花蕾表型性状大部分信息。聚类分析将40份香蕉种质分为4个类群,类群Ⅰ包含7份大蕉和3份粉蕉品种,类群Ⅱ为14份香牙蕉品种,类群Ⅲ包含3份尖叶蕉、1份阿宽蕉、2份野生蕉,类群Ⅳ包含4份长梗蕉、5份野生蕉、1份龙牙蕉。苞片脱落前表现、雄蕾形状、苞片蜡粉、复合花瓣着色、复合花瓣裂片颜色、子房形状、游离花瓣顶端发育程度、苞片内色、花柱形状、复合花瓣着色为区分不同类群的主要性状。香蕉种质资源花蕾性状表型多样性丰富,分析筛选得到的14个性状为香蕉种质资源花蕾表型性状多样性构成的主导因子。

This study aimed to analyze the diversity of flower bud phenotypic traits in Musa spp.(banana)germplasm re-sources,providing valuable insights for their research and utilization.Forty Musa spp.germplasm resources from Yunnan were selected as test materials,and 24 flower bud phenotypic traits were observed,recorded,and subjected to diversity analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis.The results showed that the Shannon-Wiener index for the 24-flower bud phenotypic traits ranged from 0.199 to 1.249,with notable genetic diversity observed in traits such as bract tip shape,stigma color,and ovary base color.Principal component analysis reduced the 24 traits to eight principal components,accounting for a cumulative contribution of 77.68%,effectively revealing the information on flower bud phenotypic traits in Musa spp.germ-plasm.Cluster analysis classified the 40 Musa spp.germplasms into four distinct taxa.Taxon Ⅰ contains seven copies of M.paradisiaca and three copies of M.sapientum,taxon Ⅱ has 14 copies of M.cavendish,and taxon Ⅲ has three copies of M.acuminate,one copy of M.itinerans,and two copies of M.acuminate,and taxon Ⅳ contains four copies of M.balbisiana,five copies of M.acuminate,and one copy of M.longyajiao;with traits related to bract performance,male bud shape,bract wax pollen,composite petal color,ovary shape,and others are crucial distinguishing features among taxa.The flower bud traits of Musa spp.germplasm resources exhibit rich phenotypic diversity,with 14 analyzed and screened traits representing the domi-nant factors contributing to this diversity.