大杯蕈菇渣复配基质在丝瓜育苗上的应用

Application of a Compound Substrate to Mushroom Residue in Towel Gourd Seedling Raising

为探讨大杯蕈菇渣作为基质用于丝瓜育苗的可行性,分析不同大杯蕈菇渣复配基质对丝瓜幼苗生长的影响。以农福丝瓜805为试材,将大杯蕈菇渣、珍珠岩、草炭、蛭石、椰糠5种基质按照不同配比配制成无土栽培基质,研究7种不同基质配方的理化性质及其对丝瓜生长和光合色素的影响。结果表明:(1)除全大杯蕈菇渣配方生长指标值低于对照CK_(1),其余配方生长指标值均高于对照,说明将大杯蕈菇渣应用于丝瓜育苗是完全可行的,但不宜采用全大杯蕈菇渣基质进行栽培。(2)在持水孔隙度上,配方CK_(2)偏低,略低于理想基质要求;在EC值上,配方CK_(2)、T_(4)、T_(5)偏高,不符合理想基质要求;在pH值上,配方CK_(2)和T_(5)处理偏低,配方T_(1)和T_(2)偏高,均不符合理想基质要求,仅配方CK_(1)和T_(3)满足理想基质的要求。(3)配方T_(3)能够促进株高、茎粗和下胚轴长的生长,提高地上部鲜重、地上部干重和地下部干重,其壮苗指数最大,促进丝瓜生长发育的效果最好;叶绿素a含量和叶绿素总含量,处理7和14 d时均以配方T_(1)和配方T_(3)最高;配方T_(2)有利于促进叶绿素b含量的增加;类胡萝卜素含量,处理7和14 d时分别以配方CK_(1)和T_(3)最高。(4)经过筛选,大杯蕈菇渣∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=3∶1∶1为丝瓜育苗的最佳复配基质配方,大杯蕈菇渣最佳使用比例为60%。该研究结果可为应用大杯蕈菇渣进行丝瓜育苗提供参考依据,并解决大杯蕈菇渣对环境造成污染的问题。

To explore the feasibility of using Pleurotus giganteus mushroom residue as a substrate for loofah seedling breeding and to analyze the effect of different P.giganteus mushroom residue compound substrates on the growth of loofah seedlings to provide a reference for P.giganteus mushroom residue application for loofah seedling breeding in the future and to solve this problem.The problem of environmental pollution is caused by P.giganteus mushroom residues.Using Nongfu loofah 805 as the test material,five kinds of substrates,namely P.giganteus mushroom residue,perlite,peat,vermiculite,and coconut bran,were formulated into soilless culture substrates according to different ratios,and the physicochemical properties of seven different substrate formulations and their effects on Towel gourd growth and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated.The results showed that(1)except for the growth index of the large mushroom residue formula treatment group,which was lower than that of the CK_(1) treatment group,the growth indices of the other treatment groups were greater than those of the control group indicating that it was completely feasible to apply the large mushroom residue to the cultivation of luffa plants.However,it was not suitable to use the whole large mushroom residue substrate for cultivation.(2)In terms of water-holding porosity,formula CK_(2) has a low porosity,which is slightly lower than the ideal matrix requirements;in the EC value,formulas CK_(2),T_(4),and T_(5) are high and do not meet the requirements of the ideal matrix;in terms of pH formulas CK_(2) and T_(5) are low,and formulasT_(1) and T_(2) are high,which do not meet the requirements of the ideal matrix.Only formulas CK_(1) and T_(3) met the requirements of the ideal matrix.(3)Formula T_(3) promoted the increase in plant height,stem diameter,and hypocotyl length,and it increased the fresh weight,dry weight,and dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts,and the seedling index was greatest,which had the greatest effect on the growth and development of luffa.The chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents were the highest in the T_(1) and T_(3) treatments at 7 and 14 days,respectively.Formula T_(2) is beneficial for increasing chlorophyll b content;for carotenoid content,formulas CK_(1) and T_(3) had the highest carotenoid content at 7 and 14 days,respectively. (4) After screening, the formula P. giganteus from mushroom residue: perlite: vermiculite = 3:1:1 was the bestcompound matrix formula for loofah seedling breeding;the optimal use ratio of P. giganteus from mushroom residue was 60%.