全龄友好社区公园的内涵辨析与建设策略——美国的经验及启示

Analysis and Construction Strategies of All-Age-Friendly Community Parks:The Experience and Inspiration from the United States

社区公园可以带来生理、心理健康效益,是全龄友好城市建设的重要组成部分。美国在社区公园建设方面起步较早,经过多年实践已经建成了大量全龄友好社区公园项目,并逐步形成了完善的规划体系。相比之下,我国全龄友好社区公园规划尚处于初步探索阶段,亟需借鉴国际先进经验。本文辨析全龄友好社区公园概念的内涵,梳理美国全龄友好社区公园规划体系的演进历程,并选取8个典型案例进行分析。在此基础上,总结由“前期准备—调研评估—寻求改善—方案测试”组成的实施流程,以及由“目标层—策略层—工具层”组成的建设策略体系。基于美国经验的启示,探讨我国全龄友好型社区公园的具体规划设计对策,为我国全龄友好型城市建设提供参考。

Community parks can bring physical and psychological health benefits,and are important in all-age-friendly city construction.The United States has started community park construction earlier,and after many years of practice,it has built a large number of all-age-friendly community park projects and gradually formed a complete planning system.In contrast,the planning of all-age-friendly community parks in China is still in the preliminary exploration stage and urgently needs to learn from advanced international experience.This paper analyses the meanings of all-age-friendly community park concept,sorts out the evolution process of all-age-friendly community park planning system in the United States,and selects 8 typical cases for analysis.Based on this,it summarises the implementation process consisting of"preliminary preparation-research evaluation-seeking improvement-programme testing",as well as the construction strategy system consisting of"goal layer-strategy layer-tool layer".Based on insights from the experiences of the United States,this paper explores specific planning design strategies for all-age-friendly community parks in China to provide reference for all-age-friendly city construction.