2015年中国不同职业自报患癌人群患病状况及其影响因素分析

Prevalence rate of self-reported cancer and related influencing factors among different occupational populations of China in 2015

目的分析2015年中国不同职业自报患癌人群患病状况及其影响因素,探讨职业人群癌症的一级预防策略。方法采用2015年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测(CCDRFS)系统中不同职业人群自报癌症数据,对分类变量的频率和比例进行统计描述,并通过χ^(2)检验进行比较,采用单因素和多因素无序多分类logistic回归方法分析职业人群患癌影响因素。结果本研究共108665人完成自报癌症的问卷填写,男50604人,女58061人。1809例自报患有癌症,男689例(1.36%),女1120例(1.93%);东部地区769例(1.92%),中部地区465例(1.50%),西部地区575例(1.52%)。不同职业人群中,除不便分类的其他从业人员(C8)外,农、林、牧、渔、水利业生产人员(C5)癌症患病率最高(0.56%),国家机关、党群组织、企业、事业单位人员(C1)癌症患病率最低(0.01%)。不同癌症类型中,乳腺癌患病率最高(0.33%),肝癌最低(0.02%)。不同职业患癌人群影响因素的无序多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,东部和中部地区及饮酒是职业人群患癌的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论不同职业人群患癌情况不同,相关的危险因素也有所不同。建议加强全人群癌症防控的同时,提高对职业人群防癌的重视,加强职业人群癌症防护;定期监测工作场所中危险因素的浓度,减少职业危险因素接触;开展癌症宣传教育,提高职业人群健康素养;定期开展防癌体检,降低职业人群患癌风险。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of self-reported cancer and its influencing factors among different occupational populations of China in 2015,as well as the primary prevention strategies for such populations.Methods This study used the data of self-reported cancer among different occupational populations in China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance(CCDRFS)in 2015.Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the frequency and proportion of categorical variables,the chi-square test was used for comparison of nominal categorical variables,and an unordered polytomous logistic regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate influencing factors.Results A total of108665 people completed the self-reported cancer questionnaire,with 50604 males and 58061 females.Totally 1809people reported having cancer,including 689 males(1.36%)and 1120 females(1.93%);769 people(1.92%)in the eastern region,465 people(1.50%)in the central region,and 575 people(1.52%)in the western region.Among different occupational groups,except for other practitioners(C8)who are not convenient to classify,the highest cancer incidence rate(0.56%)was among workers in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishing,and water conservancy industries(C5),while the lowest cancer incidence rate(0.01%)was among workers in state organs,party and mass organizations,enterprises,and public institutions(Cl).Among different cancer types,breast cancer had the highest prevalence rate(0.33%),while liver cancer had the lowest prevalence rate(0.02%).The results of the unordered multifactorial logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of different occupational cancer populations showed that eastern and central regions,and alcohol consumption were the occupational risk factors for cancer(P<0.05).Conclusions Different occupational groups suffer from cancer in different ways,and the associated risk factors are also different.It is recommended that,while strengthening cancer prevention and control for the whole population,attention should be paid to cancer prevention for the occupational population and cancer protection for the occupational population should be strengthened;the concentration of risk factors in the workplace should be monitored regularly to reduce exposure to occupational risk factors;cancer publicity and education should be carried out to improve the health literacy of the occupational population;and regular physical examinations should be carried out to reduce the risk of the occupational population of contracting cancer.