空巢老人生命质量状况及影响因素研究

Study on the quality of life and its influencing factors of empty-nesters

目的:调查安徽省蚌埠市空巢老人的生命质量并分析其影响因素,为提高空巢老人生命质量提供依据,并提出针对性措施。方法:在蚌埠市某社区应用简单随机抽样方法抽取60岁以上空巢老人共186名,采用健康状况问卷第2版对其进行调查。结果:空巢老人的生理健康总分、心理健康总分中位数分别为42.90、47.54分,得分水平较低。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、婚姻状况、家庭年收入、职业空巢老人的生理健康总分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01),不同婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭年收入空巢老人的心理健康总分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,年龄小、无伴侣均为空巢老人生理健康总分的独立保护因素(P<0.01);无伴侣、文化程度高、家庭年收入高均为空巢老人心理健康总分的独立保护因素(P<0.01)。结论:空巢老人的生理健康和心理健康得分相对较低,应针对其影响因素,从多种途径提高空巢老人的生命质量。

Objective:To investigate the quality of life and its influencing factors of empty-nesters in Bengbu City of Anhui province to provide basis for improving the quality of life of empty-nesters and put forward relevant measures.Methods:A total of 186 empty-nesters over 60 years old in a community in Bengbu Citywere selected by simple random sampling method,and investigated using the the second version of the Health Status Questionnaire.Results:The total scores of physical health and psychological health of the empty-nesters were 42.90 and 47.54,respectively,which was low.The results of the single-factor analysis showed that the differences of total scores of physical health among empty-nesters with different ages,marital statuses,household annual incomes,and occupations were statistically significant(P<0.05 to P<0.01),and the differences of total scores of psychological health among empty-nesters with different marital statuses,educational levels and household annual incomes were statistically significant(P<0.05 to P<0.01).The results of multi-factor analysis showed that the young age and no partner were the independent protective factors of total physiological health score of empty-nesters(P<0.01),and no partner,high education level and high annual family income were the independent protective factos of psychological health scores of empty-nesters(P<0.01).Conclusions:The scores of physical and psychological health of empty-nesters are relatively low,so the quality of life of empty-nesters should be improved through various ways according to the influencing factors.