STEM教育理念下职前幼师科学教育素养体系的改革探究——基于“学前儿童科学活动设计与指导”课程教学改革

Exploration of the Training and Reform of the Scientific Education Literacy System for Preschool Teachers under the STEM Education Concept:Teaching Reform Based on the Curriculum of Design and Guidance of Scientific Activities for Preschool Children

STEM教育作为一种新兴的教育和人才培养形式,已然成为许多国家教育改革的方向。幼儿教师科学素养是我国学前STEM教育质量提升的关键因素,“学前儿童科学活动设计与指导”是培养高校学前教育专业师范生STEM教育科学素养最重要的课程载体。在该课程的教学实施过程中存在一些问题,如课程教学内容较陈旧,缺乏与其他学科的整合渗透;学生整体科学素养水平较差;教学评价方式单一;校内外实践效果不佳等。以STEM教育理念为宗旨,提出了课程教学改革的一些思考和探究,如修订课程标准,凸显STEM教育理念;以学生为中心,强调“做中学”的体验探究式教学;探讨多元化课堂教学评价方式,重视过程性评价;重视情景模拟教学,实训环节中探寻新形式;重视体验式实践,提升实践教学效果;等等。

STEM education,as an emerging form of education and talent cultivation,has become the direction of education reform in many countries.The scientific literacy of preschool teachers is a key factor in improving the quality of preschool STEM education in China.“Design and Guidance of Scientific Activities for Preschool Children”is the most important curriculum carrier for cultivating the scientific literacy of STEM education for normal students majoring in preschool education in universities.The author found some problems in the teaching implementation process of this course,such as outdated teaching content and lack of integration and penetration with other disciplines;poor overall level of scientific literacy among students;single teaching evaluation method and poor practical results both on and off campus.This study aims at the STEM education concept and proposes some reflections and explorations on curriculum and teaching reform,such as revising curriculum standards to highlight the STEM education concept;Putting students at the center and emphasizing experiential inquiry based teaching of“learning by doing”;Exploring diversified classroom teaching evaluation methods and emphasizing process evaluation;Emphasizing situational simulation teaching and exploring new forms in practical training;Emphasizing experiential practice and improving the effectiveness of practical teaching.