算法正义构建的法律基础、困境及立法路径

The Legal Basis, Dilemma and Legislative Path of Algorithmic Justice Construction

近年来,算法决策的异化导致算法黑箱、算法歧视等算法失范现象频发,我国现行算法治理面临法律价值缺位、责任主体不明、监管效果不佳等困境。为治理算法乱象,加速我国产业“数智化”升级进程,应从法律层面对算法决策的异化进行规制,算法立法有助于构建逻辑性、完整性、系统性的数字法律制度体系,利于实现算法正义。算法正义根植于平等权、自由权、程序正义等法律基础,实现算法正义有利于推动实质公平正义。我国算法正义的立法构建需要确立算法公平正义原则,建立健全算法立法体系,最大限度促进算法的公开化、透明化;明确算法异化归责形式,对平台数据权力进行法律规制,构建相应的责任追究机制;设立动态算法监管机构,实现算法技术、社会规范、法律规范等层面的多元化的全过程监管。

In recent years,the alienation of algorithmic decision-making has led to the frequent occurrence of algorithmic anomie such as algorithmic black box and algorithmic discrimination,and there are problems in the current governance of algorithms in China,such as the lack of legal value,the unclear responsible entity,and the poor regulatory effect.In order to govern the chaos of algorithms in accordance with the law and accelerate the upgrading process of“digital intelligence”in China’s industry,algorithm legislation is conducive to the construction of a logical,complete,and systematic digital legal system,which is conducive to the realization of algorithmic justice.Algorithmic justice is rooted in legal foundations such as the right to equality,the right to freedom,and procedural justice,and the realization of algorithmic justice is conducive to promoting substantive fairness and justice.The legislative construction of algorithmic justice in China needs to establish the principle of algorithmic fairness and justice,establish and improve the algorithm legislative system,and promote the openness and transparency of algorithms to the greatest extent;clarify the form of attribution of responsibility for algorithmic alienation,carry out legal regulation of platform data power,and build corresponding accountability mechanisms;and establish dynamic algorithm regulatory agencies to realize diversified whole-process supervision at the levels of algorithm technology,social norms,and legal norms.