数据难以确权的误区澄清

Clarifying the Misunderstandings in Data Rights Confirmation

虽然应当设立数据财产权的观点得到了多数学者的认同,但目前依然有一种声音认为,数据财产权的确立面临一系列难以破解的难题,并基于此担忧而提出了替代方案,这使得迄今为止在以何种模式来调整数据财产这一基本问题上依然悬而未决。通过运用霍菲尔德权利理论来展开财产权本体论分析可知,民法框架下的财产权内容仅包括排他权与法律处分权,事实支配权为国家宪法所“概括”确认的自由,其至多为民事财产权所保护的法益。进而,数据确权所确认的是排他利用数据的法律之力与改变数据权利关系的法律之力。这可证明,数据确权并未面临无法设立的难题、权利难以清晰界定的难题、权利难以合理分配的难题以及阻碍数据价值释放的难题。不仅如此,由于采用财产权模式能够赋予数据财产最为完备的权利,相较基于确权难题担忧而产生的替代方案,其更有利于促进数据要素价值的充分释放。

Although the view that data property rights should be established has been widely accepted by scholars,there is still a voice that believes that the establishment of data property rights faces a series of insurmountable difficulties,and based on this concern,alternative solutions have been proposed,which makes the basic issue of how to adjust data property still unresolved.By applying Hofeld's theory of rights to conduct an ontological analysis'of property rights,it can be concluded that the content of property rights under the framework of civil law only includes exclusive rights and legal disposal rights.The right of factual control is a freedom recognized by the national constitution,and at most,it is a legal interest protected by civil property rights.Furthermore,data rights confirmation confirms the legal power of exclusive use of data and the legal power to change the relationship between data rights.This proves that the establishment of data property rights does not face difficulties such as inability to establish,difficulty in clearly defining rights,difficulty in reasonably allocating rights,and obstacles to the release of data value.Moreover,due to the fact that adopting a property rights model can grant the most comprehensive rights to data property,it is more conducive to promoting the full release of the value of data elements compared to alternative solutions based on concerns about property rights confirmation.