托马斯·巴赫主席任期内国际奥委会的治理变革:以剧烈的制度化运作谋求平衡与妥协

Changes to the IOC's Governance During Thomas Bach's Presidency:Intense Institutional Work to Achieve Balance and Compromise

近年来,传播、文化、经济、地缘政治和技术的变化影响了国际奥委会(IOC)的运作方式及其系统治理、政治治理和组织治理,使国际体育环境更加复杂且更具挑战性,并导致国际奥委会的合法性危机。自2013年托马斯·巴赫当选国际奥委会主席以来,为应对这一危机,国际奥委会进行了剧烈的制度化运作以谋求平衡和妥协,加强其对世界体育的领导:采取善治举措,包括制定清晰的战略路线、巩固商业模式、采用新治理原则和机制等;通过彰显体育的积极影响应对质疑,主要集中在可持续性、通过体育促进发展以及奥运会的积极遗产等3个方面。托马斯·巴赫的战略结合了对各种力量的审慎评估和巧妙的风险管理,可被视为一种现实政治,与新制度社会学理论具有相似之处。

Recent changes in broadcasting,culture,economics,geopolitics,and technology have affected both the way International Olympic Committee(IOC)operates and its systemic,political,and organizational governance.These changes have created a more complex and more challenging world for international sport and led to a crisis of legitimacy for the IOC.Drastic institutional operation has hence been conducted to achieve balance and compromise by IOC for the purpose of strengthening its leadership of world sport,in response to the crisis since Thomas Bach was elected president in 2013.That is,"good governance"was taken,which included designing clear strategy route,solidifying commercial modes,using new governance principle and mechanism,etc.And,the active influence of sport was highlighted to meet the challenges,which mainly focused on the sustenance,development improvement through sport and positive legacy of Olympics.Bach's strategy,which combines careful assessment of the forces in play and deft risk management,can be considered a form of realpolitik,with similarities with neoinstitutional sociological theories.