从“他者监视”到“自我监视”:男性花样游泳运动员的哭泣行为与自我强制

Surveillance from the Others into Self:The Tears and Self-imposition of Male Artistic Swimmers

基于对34名不同性别花样游泳参与者的访谈,立足于福柯“层级监视”的理论框架,分析男性花样游泳运动员在发展自身柔韧素质过程中的哭泣行为,探究以传统花样游泳知识为基础的“他者监视”和“自我监视”对男性花样游泳运动员的影响及其作用路径。发现:“他者监视”和“自我监视”通过“羞耻效果”和“内在统治”两条路径使男性花样游泳运动员通过看似自主实则受到结构性束缚的方式,维系了传统花样游泳知识和传统男性角色行为规范对自身哭泣行为的统治;对男性花样游泳运动员哭泣行为的社会监视会随着社会成员逐步认识、认同和承认男性花样游泳运动员行为合理性而逐步消减。

Based on the interviews with 34 artistic swimmers,the Michel Foucault's theory of surveillance is employed to analyze the crying behavior exhibited by male artistic swimmers during the development of their flexibility,trying to investigate the influence of traditional artistic swimming knowledge as the foundation for"the others'surveillance"and"self-surveillance"on male artistic swimmers as well as its working pathways.The findings reveal that the two techniques,through the two pathways of the"shame effect"and"internalized control",maintain the domination of traditional artistic swimming knowledge and orthodox male role behaviors over the crying behaviors of male swimmers with the seemingly autonomous but actually structure-restricted ways.The surveillance from society of male swimmers'crying behaviors will gradually diminish as members increasingly recognize,identify with,and acknowledge the rationality of their behaviors.