新名词、外来语与清末的“新小说”--以《新中国未来记》《东欧女豪杰》《自由结婚》为例

New Terms,Loanwords and New Novels in the Late Qing Dynasty of China--A Case Study on The Future of New China,An Eastern European Heroine and Free Marriage

清末具有革新倾向的小说,在词汇方面,大胆创造、引进和使用了很多表现新事物、新思想、新行为的新名词与外来语。这些新词汇,无论是在思想内容层面,还是在语言形式层面,都改变了旧文学的主题与文体。通过对三部清末“新小说”文本中使用新名词、外来语的统计分析,发现这些“新小说”在思想内容与语言形式两个方面逐渐显露出现代特征。这从一个侧面可以说明清末的文学在新词汇的创造和使用方面为后来的“五四”文学革命在语言层面作出了开拓性、奠基性贡献。

Many new terms and loanwords for expressing new things,new ideas and new behaviors were boldly coined,introduced and borrowed in the novels with innovative tendencies in the late Qing Dynasty of China.These new terms have changed the themes and styles of old literature in ideological content and linguistic form.Through statistical analysis of the use of new terms and loanwords in the new novels of the late Qing Dynasty,it can be seen that the modern features have been gradually revealed in ideological content and language form.From one aspect,this can illustrate pioneering and foundational contributions of the new novel to the coinage and use of new terms for the later revolutionary“May Fourth”literature at the language level.