Epworth嗜睡量表筛查和评估2型糖尿病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的研究

Study on the value of the Epworth sleepiness scale in assessing the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

目的 探讨Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)临床筛查T2DM合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的价值。方法 选取2014年8月至2016年12月于北京友谊医院平谷医院内分泌科住院治疗的T2DM患者399例,使用便携式睡眠监测仪(PM)监测睡眠并采用ESS评分,根据是否合并OSAHS分为单纯T2DM组(n=143)和T2DM合并OSAHS组(OSAHS,n=256)。另根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为正常组(AHI<5次/h, n=143)、OSAHS轻度组(AHI 5~15次/h, n=147)、中度组(AHI>15~30次/h,n=69)和重度组(AHI>30次/h,n=40)。比较各组ESS评分,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析ESS对OSAHS的筛查价值。结果 OSAHS组BMI、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率、FC-P、血肌酐均高于T2DM组(P<0.05)。OSAHS重度组ESS评分高于轻度组(P=0.006)。以ESS≥9分作为截断值筛查OSAHS时,与PM诊断的符合率为40.6%。ROC曲线分析显示,ESS量表筛查OSAHS轻、中、重度的曲线下面积分别为0.518(95%CI 0.459~0.577, P=0.545)、0.571(95%CI 0.507~0.635,P=0.029)、0.624(95%CI 0.531~0.718,P=0.010),最佳截断值为≥2分、≥3分、≥4分。结论T2DM患者高ESS评分,提示可能合并重度OSAHS,以ESS评分≥3分为截断值筛查中度OSAHS,ESS评分≥4分为截断值筛查重度OSAHS,有一定参考价值。

Objective e To evaluate the clinical screening value of the Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS)for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods A total of 399 hospitalized T2DM patients were selected for portable monitoring(PM)and ESS assessment.Based on the presence or absence of OSAHS,the study was divided into a simple T2DM group(T2DM,n=143)and a group with comorbid OSAHS(OSAHS,n=256).According to the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),the study participants were categorized into a normal group(AHI<5 times/h,n=143),a mild OSAHS group(AHI 5~15 times/h,n=147),a moderate OSAHS group(AHI>15~30 times/h,n=69),and a severe OSAHS group(AHI>30 times/h,n=40).Differences in ESS scores across various OSAHS severity groups were compared.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the screening value of ESS for OSAHS.Results Body mass index,proportion of obesity,proportion of central obesity,serum creatinine and fasting C-peptide were significantly higher the OSAHS group compared to the non-OSAHS group(P<0.05).Significant statistical differences in ESS scores were observed between the severe and mild OSAHS groups(P=0.006).When an ESS score of≥9 was used as the threshold for screening OSAHS,the concordance rate with PM diagnosis was 40.6%.ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)for ESS screening for OSAHS,moderate-to-severe OSAHS,and severe OSAHS,and their respective optimal thresholds(95%CI),were as follows 0.518(95%CI 0.459~0.577,P=0.545),0.571(95%CI 0.507~0.635,P=0.029)and 0.624(95%CI 0.531~0.718,P=0.010),with cutoffs of≥2 points,,≥3 points,and>4 points,respectively.Conclusions An increased ESS score in T2DM patients significantly indicates the likelihood of severe OSAHS.Using an ESS score of≥9 as a threshold to screen for OSAHS is ineffective,whereas an ESS score of≥3 for screening moderate-to-severe OSAHS and≥4 for severe OSAHS has some reference value.