从商品价格到异化劳动的认知转向——从《巴黎手稿》对劳动者地位的三重分析入手

A Cognitive Shift from Commodity Price to Alienated Labor--Starting from the Triple Analysis of the Status of Laborers in the Paris Manuscript

以马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》如何获得贯通性理解为问题线索,经由对其中《第一手稿》的思路重构表明,马克思在通过商品价格三要素即工资、资本利润、地租的分析中,意识到社会总体走向劳动者阶级与资本家阶级对立的现实必然性,并在劳动者阶级的受奴役地位中看到劳动异化的人的本质性存在处境,并借由异化劳动的第四个规定——劳动者与他人关系的异化,接通了哲学在经济学上的关联点,也即所有制关系问题,并以此找到了通向其后期思想的破题方向。

Taking Marx’s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 as a clue to the question of how to gain a coherent understanding,the reconstruction of the ideas in the First Manuscripts showed that Marx,in the analysis of the three elements of commodity price,namely,the wages,the capital profit and the land rent,realized the realistic inevitability of the opposition between the working class and the capitalist class in the society as a whole,and saw the essential existence of people with alienated labor in the enslaved status of the working class.Through the fourth stipulation of alienated labor,the alienation of the relationship between laborers and others,he connected the relevant point of philosophy in economics,that is,the problem of ownership relations,and in this way found the breakthrough direction to his later thought.