预防性环境公益诉讼中重大风险的司法认定研究

Research on Judicial Determination of Major Risks in Preventive Environmental Public Interest Litigation

预防性环境公益诉讼是对环境公共利益保护由事后救济到事前预防转变的回应,但在实践中因为重大风险的认定存在现实困难,致使其功能无法有效展开。因此可以在理论上借助预防原则、比例原则和法所不容许风险理论对重大风险进行检视,并从法律完善和路径优化的角度提出建议,一方面,促进环境实体法的完善,从损害结果的严重程度和发生的可能性定义重大风险内涵,并在举证责任上采用因果关系推断的证明规制;另一方面,通过发挥人民法院认定主体作用、明确重大风险司法认定标准、完善重大风险司法认定保障,进行重大风险司法认定的路径优化。

Preventive environmental public interest litigation is a response to the transformation of environmental public interest protection from the aftermath of the relief to the prevention of the change,but in practice,due to the practical difficulties in identifying major risks,its function cannot be effectively carried out.Therefore,in theory,the principle of prevention,proportionality,and the theory of legal risks that are not allowed by law can be used to examine major risks,and suggestions can be made from the perspective of legal improvement and path optimization.On the one hand,it promotes the improvement of environmental substantive law,defines the connotation of major risks from the severity of damage results and the possibility of occurrence,and adopts causal inference as proof regulation in the burden of proof.On the other hand,it optimizes the path of judicial recognition of major risks by playing the role of the people’s court in determining the main body,clarifying the judicial determination standards for major risks,and improving the judicial recognition guarantee for major risks.