《民法典》第996条在旅游合同违约精神损害赔偿中的适用问题探析

An Analysis of the Application of Article 996 of the Civil Code in Compensation for Mental Damage caused by Breach of Tourism Contracts

随着我国社会经济条件的显著改善和人民生活观念的不断更新,越来越多人选择以旅游作为一种放松心情、舒缓压力和提高生活品质的有效方式。但与此同时,由旅游活动引发的各种矛盾与纠纷也呈现出不断增长的态势,其中不乏旅游者在合同违约诉讼中要求经营者赔偿精神损害费用的情况。然而纵观我国立法,在《民法典》颁布以前,对于旅游者在违约之诉中主张精神损害赔偿的,法官多以《最高人民法院关于审理旅游纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》和《旅游法》为依据,判决旅游者以侵权之诉要求精神损害赔偿。但当旅游者因经营者违约所遭受的精神损害尚未达到侵权诉讼之严重程度但又确实存在时,如何充分救济其受损利益,还须进一步加以探讨。2021年《民法典》颁行,其在“人格权编”第996条对精神损害赔偿问题有了创新性规定,本文将以此为基础,辅以德国违约精神损害赔偿先进立法经验的借鉴,为我国完善旅游合同违约精神损害赔偿制度、全面保障旅游者的精神利益探寻一条更为合理的法律救济路径。

With the significant improvement of China's socio-economic conditions and the continuous up-dating of people's living concepts,more and more people are choosing tourism as an effective way to relax,relieve stress,and improve their quality of life.However,at the same time,various conflicts and disputes caused by tourism activities are also showing a growing trend,including cases where tourists demand com-pensation for mental damages from operators in contract breach lawsuits.However,throughout China's legis-lation,before the promulgation of the Civil Code,judges often relied on the"Provisions of the Supreme Peo-ple's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Tourism Dispute Cases"and the"Tourism Law"to judge tourists who claimed compensation for mental damages in breach of contract lawsuits.However,when the mental damage suffered by tourists due to breach of contract by operators has not yet reached the severity of infringement litigation but does exist,further exploration is needed on how to fully remedy their damaged interests.In 2021,the Civil Code was promulgated,which made innovative pro-visions on the issue of compensation for mental damages in Article 996 of the Personality Rights Code.This article will use this as a basis,supplemented by the advanced legislative experience of Germany's compen-sation for mental damages in breach of contract,to explore a more reasonable legal remedy path for China to improve the compensation system for mental damages in breach of tourism contracts and comprehensively protect the spiritual interests of tourists.