农业保险服务农业现代化的挑战与对策研究

Research on the challenges and countermeasures for agricultural insurance to serve agricultural modernization

党的二十大明确了中国农业现代化建设目标,提出要加快推进农业安全体系和能力现代化。农业保险对完善农业支持保护制度、健全农村金融服务体系具有重要作用。本研究全面总结中国农业保险取得的主要成效,分析农业现代化风险趋势,探讨农业保险面临的主要挑战,提出服务农业现代化的对策建议。研究表明,近年来我国农业保险在发展规模、服务理念、保障体系、助力脱贫、产品创新、科技应用和制度体系建设等多个方面取得了巨大成就。然而,农业现代化面临风险更加集中和复杂的趋势,农业保险仍然存在灾害补偿能力不足、保障程度不高、体制体系不平衡和制度运行不规范等问题和挑战。因此,新时期应从强化政府引导职能、优先推进三大主粮和重要农产品保险全覆盖、完善风险减量和分散机制、优化产品分类和区域定价机制、实施分级分类财政补贴政策、高质量推进保险机构服务能力建设等方面着手,全方位、广覆盖、高水平构建中国特色农业风险保障体系,高质量服务农业现代化建设。

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly defined the goal of China’s agricultural modernization and proposed to accelerate the modernization of agricultural security systems and capacities.Agricultural insurance plays an important role in improving the agricultural support and protection system and the rural financial service system.This study comprehensively summarizes the main achievements of China’s agricultural insurance,analyzes the risk trend of agricultural modernization,discusses the main challenges faced by agricultural insurance,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for serving agricultural modernization.The research shows that in recent years,China’s agricultural insurance has made great achievements in many aspects,such as development scale,service concept,guarantee system,poverty alleviation,product innovation,science and technology application,and system construction.However,agricultural modernization is facing a trend of more concentrated and complex risks.Agricultural insurance still has problems and challenges,such as insufficient disaster compensation capacity,a low level of protection,an unbalanced institutional system,and irregular system operation.Therefore,in the new period,we should strengthen the government’s leading function,give priority to promoting the full coverage of the insurance of the three main grains and important agricultural products,improve the risk reduction and dispersion mechanism,optimize the product classification and regional pricing mechanism,implement the hierarchical and classified financial subsidy policy,and promote the service capacity building of insurance institutions with high quality,so as to build an agricultural risk guarantee system with Chinese characteristics in an all-round,wide coverage and high level,and serve the agricultural modernization with high quality.