2021年阿坝州饮茶型地氟病健康教育效果评价

Health education status of endemic fluorosis of tea-drinking type in Aba Prefecture 2021

目的对阿坝州11个饮茶型地氟病病区健康教育效果评价,为下一步防治工作的开展提供科学依据。方法按照分层随机抽样,2021年4月在阿坝州11个饮茶型地氟病病区抽取6个乡(镇),在6个乡(镇)中抽取2所寺庙(若抽取的乡镇无寺庙可在临近的乡镇补充),每个乡再选取3个村,针对5年级学生、家庭主妇、寺庙僧侣使用统一问卷开展饮茶型地氟病知信行基线调查,根据基线调查结果对其开展健康教育干预,2021年12月针对同一目标人群开展效果评价。基线调查和效果评价知晓率比较采用χ^(2)检验,在总体差异有统计学意义的基础上,采用Bonferroni法进行两两比较,校正后检验水准为α′=0.0167。同一人群干预前后使用配对χ^(2)比较统计学差异。所得数据利用Excel 2007软件和SPSS 27.0软件进行清理和分析,检验水准为α=0.05。结果共调查1999名学生、975名家庭主妇、630名僧侣,3类人群基线调查知晓率分别为73.05%、60.62%和71.75%,效果评价知晓率分别为91.81%、88.60%和89.26%,在干预后3个人群知晓率分别提高18.76%、27.98%和17.51%,差异均有统计学意义(χ_(学生)^(2)=728.685,χ_(家庭主妇)^(2)=605.359,χ_(僧侣)^(2)=184.662,P均<0.05)。结论阿坝州饮茶型地氟病病区健康教育达到既定目标,但应继续在病区开展健康教育综合防治措施,持续有效控制饮茶型地氟病危害,同时建议在核心信息中增加改变膳食结构和如何处置储存高氟砖茶等内容。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education in 11 endemic fluorosis areas of tea drinking type in Aba prefecture,and to provide scientific basis for further prevention and control.Methods According to stratified random sampling,in April 2021,6 townships(towns)were selected from the 11 areas of tea-drinking type endemic fluorosis in Aba Prefecture,and 2 temples were selected from the 6 townships(towns)(if there are no temples in the selected townships,they can be supplemented in neighboring townships),and 3 more villages were selected from each township.A unified questionnaire was used to conduct a baseline survey on the knowledge and practice of tea-drinking type endemic fluorosis among students in grade 5th,housewives and monks in temple.Health education intervention was carried out according to the baseline survey results,and the effect evaluation was carried out for the same target population in December 2021.χ^(2)test was used to compare the awareness rate between baseline investigation and effect evaluation,the overall difference was considered statistically significant.Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparison.After correction,the test level wasα'=0.0167.The pairedχ^(2)was used to compare the statistical difference before and after intervention in the same population,the obtained data were cleared and analyzed using Excel 2007 and SPSS 27.0 softwares,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results A total of 1999 students,975 housewives and 630 monks were surveyed.The awareness rates of the three groups in baseline survey were 73.05%,60.62%and 71.75%,respectively.And the awareness rates of effect evaluation were 91.81%,89.26%and 88.60%,respectively.After intervention,the awareness rate of the 3 groups increased by 18.76%,17.51%and 27.98%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(χ_(students)^(2)=728.685,χ_(housewives)^(2)=605.359,χ_(monks)^(2)=184.662,all P<0.05).Conclusions The health education evaluation in the areas of tea-drinking type endemic fluorosis in Aba Prefecture has reached the established goal.Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be continued to carry out the health education in those areas,so that to effectively control the hazards of tea-drinking type endemic fluorosis.At the same time,it is suggested to add contents such as changing dietary structure and how to dispose and store high fluorine brick tea to the core information.