凉山州中小学在校学生家庭功能与焦虑关联性研究

Study on the association between family function and anxiety among primary and secondary school students in Liangshan Prefecture

目的探索凉山彝族自治州(以下简称“凉山州”)中小学在校学生焦虑情绪现状及与家庭功能的关联性,并进一步了解焦虑的影响因素,为改善中小学生焦虑情绪,促进当地青少年心理健康发展提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样法,于2023年3月在凉山州选取3所学校的四至八年级在校学生进行家庭功能、焦虑情绪等相关信息问卷调查。采用Stata16.0软件进行t检验和多元线性回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本次研究共纳入2757名在校中小学生,其中男生1218人,女生1539人;男生焦虑情绪得分(37.50±10.71)分、女生焦虑情绪得分(40.59±10.55)分,男女生焦虑情绪得分差异有统计学意义(t=-7.58,P<0.001);偏相关分析显示,家庭功能得分与焦虑情绪得分呈显著正相关(r=0.26,P<0.001);多元线性回归分析结果显示,家庭功能障碍程度高的学生焦虑情绪得分更高(β=0.13)、女生焦虑情绪得分比男生高(β=3.50),留守学生焦虑情绪得分比非留守学生高(β=1.49)、汉族和其他民族学生焦虑情绪得分比彝族学生高(β依次为2.67、7.74)、家庭月收入为5001~8000元的学生焦虑得分比家庭月收入≤3000元的学生高(β=2.66)和父亲学历为高中的学生焦虑情绪得分比父亲未上过学的学生低(β=-2.42),P均<0.05。结论凉山州在校中小学生焦虑情绪现状较严重,且女生焦虑情绪高于男生。家庭功能障碍会加剧青少年焦虑心理,因此为缓解凉山州在校中小学焦虑情绪,要重视改善青少年家庭功能障碍,学校和政府可对当地留守、非彝族且父亲受教育水平较低的青少年加强关注,重视心理问题疏导,以促进凉山州青少年心理健康发展。

Objective To explore the current situation of anxiety and its association with family function among primary and secondary school students in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as“Liangshan Prefecture”),to further understand the influencing factors of anxiety,and to provide reference for relieving the anxiety of primary and secondary school students and promoting the mental health development of local adolescents.Methods In March 2023,students in grades 4 to 8 in three schools in Liangshan Prefecture were selected by convenience sampling method to conduct questionnaire surveys on family function,anxiety and other relevant information.Stata 16.0 software was used for t-test and multiple linear regression analysis,and the difference of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 2757 primary and secondary school students were included in this study,including 1218 boys and 1539 girls.The anxiety score of boys was(37.50±10.71),and the anxiety score of girls was(40.59±10.55).There were significant differences in the anxiety score between boys and girls(t=-7.58,P<0.001).Partial correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between family function score and anxiety score(r=0.26,P<0.001).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that,students with high family dysfunction had higher anxiety scores(β=0.13),girls had higher anxiety scores than boys(β=3.50),left-behind children had higher anxiety scores than non-left-behind children(β=1.49),Han and other ethnic students had higher anxiety scores than Yi students(β=2.67 and 7.74,respectively),the anxiety score of students with a monthly family income of 5001-8000 yuan was higher than that of students with a monthly family income of≤3000 yuan(β=2.66),and the anxiety score of students whose father had a high school education was lower than that of students whose father had never attended school(β=-2.42),all P<0.05.Conclusions The anxiety of primary and secondary school students in Liangshan Prefecture was more serious,and the anxiety of girls was higher than that of boys.Family disfunction can exacerbate adolescent anxiety.Therefore,in order to alleviate the anxiety of primary and secondary school students in Liangshan Prefecture,it is necessary to pay attention to improving the family dysfunction of adolescents.Schools and governments can pay more attention to local leftbehind,non-Yi adolescents with low education level of their fathers,and pay attention to counseling psychological problems,so as to promote the development of mental health of adolescents in Liangshan Prefecture.