2021年安庆市5种薯类营养成分

Nutritional components of 5 potatoes in Anqing City in 2021

目的 分析安庆市5种薯类的营养成分并评价其营养价值。方法 按照《食物成分监测项目技术手册》的要求于2021年11月采集产自安徽省安庆市的5种薯类样品,按照国家标准检测方法测定样品中水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、糖、矿物质、维生素和氨基酸等营养成分;利用营养质量指数法(index of nutritional quality,INQ)评价蛋白质、维生素和矿物质,氨基酸评分标准模式(FAO/WHO模式)评价氨基酸的营养价值。结果 5种薯类中,紫薯的蛋白质(2.3 g/100 g)和膳食纤维(3.6 g/100 g)含量较高,红薯(红心)中胡萝卜素含量最高(4 003μg/100 g),红薯(白心)的维生素C含量最高(15.4 mg/100 g);薯类中的糖主要以果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖三种形式存在;紫薯中钙(47 mg/100 g)与磷(74 mg/100 g)含量最高,马铃薯(白心)中含量最高的矿物质为钾(401 mg/100 g),红薯(红心)含量最高的为镁(31 mg/100 g),钠(104.0 mg/100 g)、铁(0.9 mg/100 g)、铜(0.17 mg/100 g)与锰(0.40 mg/100 g)在红薯(白心)中含量最高。5种薯类的Na/K范围为0.003~0.456,磷、钾、镁、铜、锰的INQ均大于1。5种薯类的检测结果中均含有18种氨基酸,其中天冬氨酸最高,氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)为0.29~1.35,氨基酸比值系数(ratio coefficient,RC)为0.47~1.69。结论 5种薯类富含膳食纤维、维生素C和矿物质,属于高钾低钠型食物;薯类能满足人体日常对磷、钾、镁、铜、锰元素的需求。赖氨酸含量丰富,可作为谷物的营养素补充食物。AAS与RC的评分接近于1,AAS评价模式更接近人体氨基酸组成模式,食用选择的5种薯类能够满人体对该必需氨基酸的日常需求。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the nutrient composition and nutritional value evaluation of 5 potatoes in Anqing City.METHODS According to the requirements of the Technical Manual for Food Composition Monitoring Projects,5 types of potato samples were collected from Anqing City,Anhui Province.National standard detection method were used to determine the nutritional components such as water,ash,protein,fat,dietary fiber,sugar,minerals,vitamins,and amino acids in the samples.The index of nutritional quality(INQ) method was used to evaluate proteins,vitamins,and minerals,and the amino acid scoring standard mode(FAO/WHO mode) was used to evaluate the nutritional value of amino acids.RESULTS Among the 5 types of potatoes,purple potato had the highest protein(2.3 g/100 g) and dietary fiber content(3.6 g/100 g).Sweet potato(red) had the highest carotene content(4003 μg/100 g),sweet potato(white) had the highest content of vitamin C(15.4 mg/100 g).Sugar in potatoes mainly existed in three forms:fructose,glucose,and sucrose;Purple potatoes had the highest levels of calcium(47 mg/100 g) and phosphorus(74 mg/100 g),respectively.Potatoes(white) had the highest content of potassium(401 mg/100 g),while sweet potatoes(red) had the highest content of magnesium(31 mg/100 g).Sodium(104.0 mg/100 g),iron(0.9 mg/100 g),copper(0.17 mg/100 g),and manganese(0.40 mg/100 g) had the highest content in sweet potatoes(white).The Na/K ratio range of the 5 potato varieties was 0.003-0.456,and the INQ of phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,copper,and manganese were greater than 1.The detection result of 5 potatoes all contain 18 amino acids,and aspartic acid was the highest.The amino acid score(AAS) was 0.29-1.35,and the ratio coefficient(RC) was 0.47-1.69.CONCLUSION The 5 types of potatoes are rich in dietary fiber,vitamin C and minerals,and belong to the high potassium and low sodium type of food.Potatoes can meet the daily needs of the human body for phosphorus,potassium,magnesium copper,and manganese elements.Lysine is rich in content and can be used as a nutritional supplement for grains.The AAS score and RC are close to 1,and the AAS evaluation mode is closer to the human amino acid composition mode,which can meet the daily needs of the human body for this essential amino acid.