全球轮状病毒疫苗研究进展

Research Progress in the Development of A Global Rotavirus Vaccine

轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)是引起5岁以下儿童轮状病毒胃肠炎(Rotavirus gastroenteritis,RVGE)的主要病原体,无特效药物,只能通过接种疫苗预防。本文针对目前已经上市的6种口服减毒活疫苗的开发国家,原始毒株及型别,免疫程序,适用年龄,上市时间及国家,疫苗形式及保存方式,所致不良反应以及影响疫苗保护效力的因素进行了综述,并且整理了正在研发的6种新疫苗的研究进展。世界各地的疫苗接种率相差很大,其中的中低收入国家的疫苗接种率都偏低,在加强宣教工作的同时,也需要探究影响疫苗有效性的因素,并对现有疫苗进行改进以降低副反应提升安全性,进而推动新型疫苗的研发,对降低婴幼儿RVGE的患病率与死亡率,降低医疗经济负担有重要的作用。

Rotaviruses are the main pathogens causing rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE)in children under 5 years of age.A specific drug for treatment and prevention by vaccination are not available.Herein,we reviewed the countries developing a vaccine,original strains and types,immunization procedures,age of application,time and country of marketing,vaccine forms and storage methods,adverse reactions and factors affecting the protective efficacy of six live oral attenuated vaccines.Also,research progress of these six new vaccines under development was summarized.Adaptation to the low vaccination rates in low⁃and middle⁃income countries,strengthening education programs,exploring the factors affecting vaccine efficacy,improving existing vaccines to reduce side⁃effects,improving safety,and promoting the research and development of new vaccines could reduce the morbidity and mortality of infant RVGE and reduce the economic burden of medical care.