肿瘤类器官在骨与软组织肿瘤中的应用

Application of Tumor Organoids in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas

骨与软组织肿瘤是起源于间叶组织的恶性肿瘤,发病率低,临床预后差。由于缺乏有效的研究模型,骨与软组织肿瘤的研究受到限制。肿瘤类器官的出现,为骨与软组织肿瘤的研究和治疗带来新的机遇。肿瘤类器官是在体外特定的3D培养环境中由肿瘤细胞通过自组织过程增殖形成的微器官,可最大限度地保留肿瘤异质性,使得恶性肿瘤在基础研究和个体化精准治疗方面取得了新突破。目前,肿瘤类器官的研究主要集中在上皮组织来源的肿瘤,已建立包括结直肠癌、肾癌、胃癌、膀胱癌在内的多种肿瘤类器官模型,而骨与软组织肿瘤类器官仍处于探索阶段。从研究现状、构建方法、应用以及面临的问题四个方面对肿瘤类器官在骨与软组织肿瘤中的研究进展及未来发展方向进行综述,旨在为骨与软组织肿瘤类器官的相关研究提供参考。骨与软组织肿瘤类器官平台有望成为转化医学研究的重要工具,加速科学研究成果向临床应用的转化,使实现骨与软组织肿瘤患者的个体化治疗成为可能。

Bone and soft tissue tumors are mesenchymal malignancies with low incidence and poor clinical prognosis.Due to the lack of effective research models,the study of bone and soft tissue tumors is limited.The emergence of tumor organoids brings new opportunities for the study and treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors.Tumor organoids are micro-organs formed by the proliferation of tumor cells through the self-organization process in a specific 3D culture environment in vitro,which can preserve the tumor heterogeneity to the maximum extent,thus making new breakthroughs in basic research and individualized precision treatment of malignant tumors.At present,research on tumor organoids is mainly focuse on tumors of epithelial tissue origin,and a variety of tumor organoids including colorectal cancer,kidney cancer,stomach cancer and bladder cancer have been established,while bone and soft tissue tumor organoids are still in the exploration stage.In this paper,the research progress and future development direction of tumor organoids in bone and soft tissue tumors were reviewed from four aspects:research status,construction methods,applications and problems encounted,aiming to provide references for research on bone and soft tissue tumor organoids.The bone and soft tissue tumor organoid platform is expected to become an important tool for translational medicine research,accelerate the translation of scientific research results into clinical applications,and enable personalized treatment for bone and soft tissue tumor patients.