“48小时之内经抢救无效死亡”解释和适用问题研究

Research on the Interpretation and Application of “Dies within 48 Hours due to Ineffective Rescue”

《工伤保险条例》第十五条“48小时之内经抢救无效死亡”的规定,在司法实践的解释与适用过程中存在较多争议,尤其是对该规定中“48小时”的设定、“经抢救”的必经要件以及对“死亡”的认定。在实践中,可能会出现职工的自主决定权与“经抢救”规定之间的矛盾冲突;“48小时”的设定可能会诱发道德问题;对死亡是否可逆存在误区以及“48小时”起算时间点存在不统一的问题。对此,可从解释论和立法论两个方面予以完善。可将现实中的消极治疗分类讨论,分别予以规定,同时明确对职工存活的可能性和救治必要性判断的具体考量因素;也可通过引入司法鉴定代替“48小时”的设定;若仍坚持“48小时”的规定,可明确起算时间点。

There have been many disputes in the interpretation and application of Article 15 of the Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance,which stipulates that“dies within 48 hours due to ineffective rescue”.In particular,there are disputes over the setting of“48 hours”,the necessary condition of“rescue efforts”,and the identification of“death”.In practice,there may be conflicts between the patient’s autonomy and the requirement of“rescue efforts”.The setting of“48 hours”may lead to ethical issues.There may be misunderstandings about whether death is reversible,and there is a lack of uniformity in the starting point for calculating“48 hours”.To address these issues,they could be perfected from two aspects:legal interpretation and legislation theory.It is supposed to discuss the negative treatment in reality and make separate regulations,and clarify the specific considerations for judging the possibility of survival and the necessity of treatment for employees.And it can also introduce judicial authentication to replace the setting of“48 hours”.If the stipulation of“48 hours”continues,the starting point needs to be clarified.